Abstract
This study examines the links between inequality in the time allocations of partners in couple families and the satisfaction they have with the way they spend their time. It uses time diary and self-reported satisfaction data from the 2006 Australian Time Use Survey. It shows that inequality in the time allocations of partners in couple families affects the satisfaction with the current allocation of time in families without children, but not in families with children. It is argued that the patterns of time use associated with children, specifically specialization in specific tasks, are the main reason for this finding.
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Notes
This way of assessing the empirical relevance of economic theories motivated Freeman and Medoff’s (1984) analysis of job satisfaction data as a way of understanding trade union behavior, and Battu, Belfield and Sloane’s (1999) research into the nature and consequences of graduate over-education among graduates (situations where the graduates work in jobs for which a degree is not required). The importance of benchmarks and expectations to understanding satisfaction with time allocations is emphasized in the literature reviewed in Sect. 2.
Shelton and John (1996) review findings of research into the links between the division of household labor and well-being. This review illustrates the wide range of issues examined, as well as the diversity of the findings.
Cummins and Gullone (2000) earlier had argued in favor of a 10-point scale, though they document the “considerable divergence of opinion on the merit of shorter versus longer scales”.
For example, Birch et al. (2009) report a coefficient on the presence of a child aged 0–4 variable in their model of the time females allocate to market work that was over four times the size of the coefficient on their “Excellent” health status variable.
The collection of data on expectations in relation to time allocations, and matching these to actual outcomes, is clearly a topic for further study when examining satisfaction data of the type analysed here.
The partial effect on the level of satisfaction of membership of a childless couple family is 0.095–0.039*TD Index for males, and 0.037–0.052*TD Index for females.
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The authors acknowledge financial support from the Australian Research Council. Helpful comments were provided by anonymous referees.
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Le, A.T., Miller, P.W. Satisfaction with Time Allocations Within the Family: The Role of Family Type. J Happiness Stud 14, 1273–1289 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-012-9381-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-012-9381-z