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The EffectiveNess of LIfestyle with Diet and Physical Activity Education ProGram Among Prehypertensives and Stage 1 HyperTENsives in an Urban Community Setting (ENLIGHTEN) Study

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Abstract

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of a monthly lifestyle education program, which included advice on nutritional changes and physical activity enhancement in the reduction of blood pressure and selected biochemical and anthropometric parameters among pre-hypertensive and stage 1 hypertensive participants in Manila, Philippines. Participants resided in two barangays (districts), in Manila, Philippines, and each barangay was assigned to either the intervention or attention-control group. The intervention group received monthly lectures on cardiovascular disease and organized classes on diet and exercise, while the attention-control group received monthly lectures on non-cardiovascular topics, with verbal advice that healthy diet and exercise are important. The primary outcome was systolic blood pressure, with secondary outcomes of BMI, waist circumference, and laboratory measures. Linear mixed effects models with an interaction between intervention group and time were used to estimate the 6-month change in each group. At 6 months, systolic blood pressure was lower in the intervention group compared to the attention-control group (− 12.7 mmHg (95% CI [− 14.5, − 10.9]) vs. − 0.24 mmHg (95% CI [− 1.87, 1.43]), p-value < 0.001). Waist circumference (p < 0.001), BMI (p < 0.001), and total cholesterol (p = 0.049) were also lower. However, no statistically significant difference in fasting glucose was observed between the two groups (p = 0.740). This study showed that participants receiving a non-pharmacological intervention, specifically a low-cost diet and active lifestyle education program, experienced a greater decrease in blood pressure, BMI, waist circumference, and total cholesterol than the attention-control group. Educational programs such as in ENLIGHTEN show promise for a developing country with limited resources to improve hypertension levels, and ultimately cardiovascular health. ENLIGHTEN deserves further study in randomized trials.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the members of the Quantitative Sciences Unit at Stanford University School of Medicine for their thoughtful review and suggestions on this study. This work was supported by the National Institute of Health/National Center for Research Resources (UL1 TR001085) and ABC’s for Global Health.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1265 Welch Road, MC 5475, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA

    Julieta Gabiola & Latha Palaniappan

  2. Manila Doctors Hospital, Manila, Philippines

    Dante Morales, Olive Quizon, Ronald Ian Cadiz, Roberto L. Ruiz, Christine Joy Aguatis & Teresita Mararac

  3. Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

    Kyle Feliciano

  4. Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine, Portland, OR, USA

    Jenssy Rojina

  5. Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA

    Ariadna Garcia & Haley Hedlin

  6. Center for Population Health Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA

    Mark Cullen

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  1. Julieta Gabiola
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  2. Dante Morales
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  3. Olive Quizon
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  11. Haley Hedlin
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  13. Latha Palaniappan
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Correspondence to Latha Palaniappan.

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Gabiola, J., Morales, D., Quizon, O. et al. The EffectiveNess of LIfestyle with Diet and Physical Activity Education ProGram Among Prehypertensives and Stage 1 HyperTENsives in an Urban Community Setting (ENLIGHTEN) Study. J Community Health 45, 478–487 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-019-00764-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-019-00764-0

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