Skip to main content
Log in

Peculiarities of Organization and Functioning of the Fish Red Blood System

  • Reviews
  • Published:
Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The review presents information on localization of sites of erythropoiesis in the fish organism, morphological peculiarities and proliferative activity of erythroid elements at different stages of differentiation, and life span of circulating erythrocytes. Data about effects of various factors on production of erythrocytes by hemopoietic tissue, such as erythropoetin and several other biologically active substances, are presented. Peculiarities are considered of organization of fish spleen as an organ storing and destroying old erythroid forms. Significance of production and destruction processes in the red blood system in correction of erythrocytic homeostasis in the fish organism is discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  1. Wickramasinghe, S.N., Erythropoietin and the Human Kidney: Evidence for an Evolutionary Link from Studies of Salmo gairdneri, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 1993, vol. 104A, pp. 63–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Phillips, M.C.L., Moyes, C.D., and Tufts, B.L., The Effects of Cell Ageing on Metabolism in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Red Blood Cell, J. Exp. Biol., 2000, vol. 203, pp. 1039–1045.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Lund, S.G., Phillips, M.C.L., Moyes, C.D., and Tufts, B.L., The Effects of Cell Ageing on Protein Synthesis in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Red Blood Cell, J. Exp. Biol., 2000, vol. 203, pp. 2219–2228.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Borgioli, G. and Frangioni, G., Blood and Splenic Respiratory Compensation in Larval Newts, Ital. J. Zool., 1997, vol. 64, pp. 221–226.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Kwon, J.Y. and Chang, Y.J., Effects of Ammonia Concentration on Histological and Physiological Status in Black Seabream, J. Korean Fish Soc., 1996, vol. 29, pp. 828–836.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Eggington, S., The Physiological Response of Antarctic Fishes to Environmental and Experimental Stress, Antarctic Fish: Ecol., Lifestyle and Adapt. Evolution. Comparison with Arctic Fish. Paris Soc. Francaise d’Ichthyol. (France), 1997, vol. 21, pp. 415–421.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Fischer, U., Ototake, M., and Nakanishi, T., Life Span of Circulating Blood Cells in Ginbuna Crucian Carp (Carassius auratus Langsdorfi), Fish. Shellfish. Immunol., 1998, vol. 8, pp. 339–349.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Tochilina, L.V., Hematological Parameters of Marine Fish at the Summer Season, Gidrobiol. Zh., 1991, vol. 27, pp. 63–66.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Vossough, G.H., Shahsavani, D., and Peyghan, R., Some Blood Parameters of Gold Fish (Carassius auratus), J. Fac. Vet. Med. Univ. Tehran, 1997, vol. 52, pp. 70–78.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Rao, S.K., Bhaskar, B.R., Panduranga, R.D., and Durga, P.Y.V., Haemograms of Six Marine Teleosts from Visakhapatnam Coast, Proc. Indian Natl Sci. Acad., 1989, vol. 55B, pp. 103–106.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Shuett, D.A., Lehmann, J., Goerlich, R., and Hamers, R., Haematology of Swordtail, Xiphohorus helleri. I. Blood Parameters and Light Microscopy of Blood Cells, J. Appl. Ichthyol., 1997, vol. 13, pp. 83–89.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Kakuno, A., Sezaki, K., and Ikeda, Y., Comparative Hematology among 33 Fish Species of Ostaryophysi, Bull. Natl Res. Inst. Fish. Sci. (Japan), no. 8, pp. 15–27.

  13. Lay, P.A. and Baldwin, J., What Determines the Size of Teleost Erythrocytes? Correlation with Oxygen Transport and Nuclear Volume, Fish Physiol. Biochem., 1999, vol. 20, pp. 31–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Soldatov, A.A., Oxygen-Dissociation Properties of Blood and Composition of Intraerythrocytic Medium in Marine Fish with Different Motor Activity, Zh. Evol. Biokhim. Fiziol., 1997, vol. 33, pp. 607–614.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Di Prisco, G., Physiological and Biochemical Adaptations in Fish to a Cold Marine Environment, Antarc. Commun.: Species, Struct. Surviv. Battaglia, Cambridge Univ. Press (UK), 1997, pp. 251–260.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Wang, Y., Heigenhauser, G.J.F., and Wood, C.M., Integrated Responses to Exhaustive Exercise and Recovery in Rainbow Trout White Muscle: Acid-base, Phosphogen, Carbohydrate, Lipid, Ammonia, Fluid Volume, and Electrolyte Metabolism, J. Exp. Biol., 1994, vol. 195, pp. 227–258.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Lowe, T.E. and Wells, R.M.G., Primary and Secondary Stress Responses to Line Capture in the Mao mao, J. Fish Biol., 1996, vol. 49, pp. 287–300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Soldatov, A.A., Erythropoiesis in Fish of Different Natural Motility Level, Ekol. Morya, 1982, no. 11, pp. 62–67.

  19. Maslova, M.N., Soldatov, A.A., and Tavrovskaya, T.V., Seasonal Dynamics of Red Blood System Status in Some Black Sea Fish, Zh. Evol. Biokhim. Fiziol., 1988, vol. 24, pp. 516–521.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Maslova, M.N. and Tavrovskaya, T.V., Dynamics of Seasonal Changes in the Red Blood System of the Lower Vertebrates: Seasonal Dynamics of Erythropoiesis in the Trout Salmo gairdneri, Zh. Evol. Biokhim. Fiziol., 1991, vol. 27, pp. 796–798.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Ranzani-Paiva, M.J.T., Hematological Characteristics of the Mullet, Mugil platanus G. from Cananeia Lagoon-Estuarine Region, Biol. Inst. Pesca-Sao-Paolo, 1995, vol. 22, pp. 1–22.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Svobodova, Z., Kolarova, J., Kouril, J., Hamackova, J., Vykusova, B., and Kalab, P., Haematological Investigations in Silurus glanis L Females during Pre-and Postspawning Period, Polish Arch. Hydrobiol., 1997, vol. 44, pp. 67–81.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Svobodova, Z., Kolarova, J., Modra, H., Vajcova, V., Hamackova, J., Kouril, J., and Kozak, P., Values of Haematological Indices of Wells (Silurus glanis L.) in Relationship to the Level of Nutrition during the Pre-Spawning Period, Acta Vet. Brno, 1998, vol. 67, pp. 235–242.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Serpunin, G.G. and Likhatchyova, O.A., Use of the Ichthyohaematological Studies in Ecological Monitoring of the Reservoirs, Acta Vet. Brno, 1998, vol. 67, pp. 339–345.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Lecklin, T. and Nikinmaa, M., Erythropoiesis in Arctic Charr Is not Stimulated by Anaemia, J. Fish. Biol., 1998, vol. 53, pp. 1169–1177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Rothmann, C., Levinshal, T., Timan, B., Avalion, R.R., and Malik, Z., Spectral Imaging of Red Blood Cells in Experimental Anemia of Cyprinus carpio, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 2000, vol. 125A, pp. 75–83.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Lochmiller, R.L., Weichman, J.D., and Zale, A.V., Hematological Assessment of Temperature and Oxygen Stress in a Reservoir Population of Striped Bass, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 1989, vol. 93A, pp. 535–541.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Volynkin, Yu.L. and Amineva, V.A., Dynamics of Red Blood Parameters in Carp Yearlings at the Period of Wintering, Vopr. Ekol., Fiziol. Ryb, Ikhtiopat. (Kaliningrad), 1990, pp. 63–73.

  29. Mahoney, J.B. and McNulty, J.K., Disease-Associated Blood Changes and Normal Seasonal Hematological Variation in Winter Flounder in the Hudson-Raritan Estuary, Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 1992, vol. 121, pp. 261–268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Yamamoto, K., Itazawa, Y., and Kobayashi, H., Erythrocyte Supply from the Spleen and Hemo-concentration in Hypoxic Yellowtail, Mar. Biol., 1983, vol. 73, pp. 221–226.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Figuera, O. and Perez, J.E., Blood Adaptations to Low Oxygen Concentrations in the Fish Bastra-choides manglae, Bol. Inst. Oceanogr. Venez., 1984, vol. 23, pp. 163–168.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Sordyl, H. and Osterland, A., Erythropoiesis in the Head Kidney of Rainbow Trout, Fischerei-Forschung, 1991, vol. 29, pp. 61–63.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Zuasti, A. and Ferrer, C., Haemopoiesis in the Head Kidney of Sparus auratus, Arch. Histol. Cytol., 1989, vol. 52, pp. 249–255.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Rodriguez, F.A., Basic Hematology of Oncorhynchus mykiss (Salmonidae), in Cundinamarca, Colombia, Rev. Biol. Trop., 1995, vol. 43, pp. 283–288.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Fange, R. and Nilsson, S., The Fish Spleen: Structure and Function, Experientia, 1985, vol. 41, pp. 152–158.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Masaharu, T., Histogenesis of Hemopoietic Tissues and Immunoglobulin-Forming Cells in the Carp, Cyprinus carpio, Bull. Yamaguchi Med. Sch., 1988, vol. 35, pp. 43–52.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Van Muiswinkel, W.B., Lamers, C.H.J., and Rombait, J.H.W.M., Structural and Functional Aspects of the Spleen in the Bony Fish, Res. Immunol., 1991, vol. 142, pp. 962–966.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Murad, A. and Houston, A.H., Haemoglobin Isomorph Abundances in Splenectomized Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, J. Fish Biol., 1991, vol. 38, pp. 641–651.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Garavani, C., Ematopoiesi in Ameiurus nebulosus in condizioni normali e sperimentali, Boll. Soc. Ital. Biol. Sper., 1972, vol. 48, pp. 457–461.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Agius, C., The Effect of Splenectomy and Subsequent Starvation on the Storage of Haemosiderin by the Melano-Macrophages of Rainbow Trout Salmo gairdneri R., J. Fish Biol., 1981, vol. 18, pp. 41–44.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Alford, P.B., Tomasso, J.R., and Bodine, A.B., Erythropoiesis and Maturation of Erythrocytes in Peripheral Circulation in Channel Catfish, Copeia, 1993, no. 3, pp. 889–890.

  42. Galindez, E.J. and Aggio, M.C., The Spleen of Mustelus schmitti (Chondrichthyes, Triakidae): A Light and Electron Microscopic Study, Ichthyol. Res., 1998, vol. 45, pp. 179–186.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Froehly, M.F., Deschaux, P.A., and Peres, G., Etude Comparative des Elements Figures du Sang et des Organs Hematopoietiques (Rein, Rate, Thymus) entre un Poisson d’Eau de Mer: le Bar et un Poisson d’Eau Douce: la Carpe, Ichtyophysiol., 1986, vol. 10, pp. 39–58.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Houston, A.H., Roberts, W.C., and Kennington, J.A., Hematological Response in Fish: Pronephric and Splenic Involvements in the Goldfish, Fish Physiol. Biochem., 1996, vol. 15, pp. 481–489.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Quesada, J., Villena, M.I., and Navarro, V., Ontogeny of the Sea Bass Spleen: A Light and Electron Microscopic Study, J. Morphol., 1994, vol. 221, pp. 161–176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Tsioros, K.K. and Youson, J.H., Distribution of Iron during Embryogenesis and Early Larval Life in Sea Lampreys, Can. J. Zool. Rev. Can. Zool., 1997, vol. 75, pp. 137–147.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Alvarez, F., Flano, E., Villena, A.J., Zapata, A., and Razquin, B.E., Seasonal Intrathymic Erythropoietic Activity in Trout, Dev. Comp. Immunol., 1994, vol. 18, pp. 409–420.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Maiti, M., Saha, S.K., Homechaudhuri, S., and Banerjee, S., Characterization of Erythropoietic Cells in Oreochromis niloticus (L.) and Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham.), J. Aquacult. Trop., 2000, vol. 15, pp. 81–90.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Cvitanic, A., Morphological Characteristics of Blood Cells in Species of Cartilaginous Fish from the Adriatic Sea, Acta Adriat., 1999, vol. 40, pp. 23–36.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Galidez, E.J. and Aggio, M.C., Haematology and Blood Cell Morphology of Mustelus schmitti, An. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Valparaiso), 1995, vol. 23, pp. 33–40.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Yuan, Sh., Zhang, Y., Yao, W., and Nie, P., Micro-and Ultra-Structure of Peripheral Blood Cells of the Mandarin Fish, Siniperca chuatsi (Basilewsky), Acta Hydrobiol. Sin., 1998, vol. 22, pp. 39–47.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Lin, G., Ultrastructure of Peripheral Blood Cells of Adult Grasscap (Ctenopharyngodon idellus), Acta Zool. Sin., 1996, vol. 42, pp. 123–128.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Liao, E.C., Paw, B.H., Oates, A.C., Pratt, S.J., Postlethwait, J.H., and Zon, L.I., SCL/Tal-1 Transcription Factor Acts Downstream of Cloche to Specify Hematopoietic and Vascular Progenitors in Zebrafish, Genes. Dev., 1998, vol. 12, pp. 621–626.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Hardig, J. and Hoglund, L.B., Autoradiography of Erythrokinesis and Multihemoglobins in Juvenile Salmo salar L. at Various Respiratory Gas Regimes, Acta Physiol. Scand., 1983, vol. 76A, pp. 27–34.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Houston, A.H. and Murad, A., Erythrodynamics in Fish: Recovery of the Goldfish from Acute Anemia, Can. J. Zool. Rev. Can. Zool., 1995, vol. 73, pp. 411–418.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Diago, M.L., Lopez-Fierro, P., Razquin, B., and Villena, A., In vitro Haemopoiesis Induced in a Rainbow Trout Pronephric Stromal Cell Line (TPS), Fish Shellfish Immunol., 1998, vol. 8, pp. 101–119.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Fan, Z., Yin, H., Song, S., Pan, F., and Xia, D., The Cell Cycles and DNA Contents of the Erythrocytes in Peripheral Blood of Four Species of Fish, Acta Zool. Sin., 1995, vol. 41, pp. 370–374.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Murad, A., Everill, S., and Houston, A.H., Division of Goldfish Erythrocytes in Circulation, Can. J. Zool., 1993, vol. 71, pp. 2190–2198.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Soldatov, A.A., The Effect of Hypoxia on Red Blood Cells of Flounder: A Morphologic and Autoradiographic Study, J. Fish Biol., 1996, vol. 48, pp. 321–328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Weinberg, S.R., Lobue, J., Siegel, C.D., and Gordon, A.S., Hematopoiesis of the Kissinggourami. Effects of Starvation, Bleeding and Plasma-Stimulating Factors and Its Erythropoiesis, Can. J. Zool., 1976, vol. 54, pp. 1115–1127.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Garavani, C., Fattori Umorali Eritrostimolanti in Ameiurus nebulosus, Boll. Soc. Ital. Biol. Sper., 1972, vol. 48, pp. 462–464.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Soldatov, A.A. and Stashkov, A.M., Erythropoietic Activity of Blood Serum of Fish with Different Natural Activity, Ekol. Morya, 1989, no. 32, pp. 77–79.

  63. Pottinger, T.G. and Pickering, A.D., Androgen Levels and Erythrocytosis in Maturing Brown Trout, Salmo trutta L., Fish Physiol. Biochem., 1987, vol. 3, pp. 121–126.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Shedpure, M. and Pati, A.K., Do Thyroid and Testis Modulate the Effects of Pineal and Melatonin on Haemopoietic Variables in Clarias batrachus, J. Biosci., 1996, vol. 21, pp. 797–808.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Lane, H.C., Schmidt, C.G., and Duke, N.N., Effect of Hyperoxia on Some Factors Influencing the Oxygencarrying Capacity of Trout Blood, Amer. Zool., 1992, vol. 32, p. 73A.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Kiron, V., Takeuchi, T., and Watanabe, T., The Osmotic Fragility of Erythrocytes in Rainbow Trout under Different Dietary Fatty Acid Status, Fish Sci., 1994, vol. 60, pp. 93–95.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Messager, J.L., Stephan, G., Quentel, C., and Baudin-Laurencin, F., Effects of Dietary Oxidized Fish Oil and Antioxidant Deficiency on Histopathology, Haematology, Tissue and Plasma Biochemistry of Sea Bass Dicentrarchus labrax, Aquat. Living Resours. Vivantes Aquat. 1992, vol. 5, pp. 205–214.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Obach, A., Quentel, C., and Laurencin, F.B., Effect of α-Tocopherol and Dietary Oxidized Fish Oil on the Immune Response of Sea Bass, Dis. Aquat. Org., 1993, vol. 15, pp. 175–185.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Pages, T., Gomez, E., Suner, O., and Tort, L., Effects of Daily Management Stress on Haematology and Blood Rheology of the Gilthead Seabream, J. Fish Biol., 1995, vol. 46, pp. 775–786.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Knoph, M.B. and Thorud, K., Toxicity of Ammonia to Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) in Seawater—Effect on Plasma Osmolality, Ion, Ammonia, Urea and Glucose Levels and Hematologic Parameters, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 1996, vol. 113A, pp. 375–381.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Smirnova, L.I., Possible Life Span of Burbot Erythrocytes in Relation to Starvation, Obmen veshchestv i biokhimiya ryb (Fish Metabolism and Biochemistry), Moscow, 1967, pp. 176–178.

  72. Kruse, Ch. and Sordyl, H., Bestimmung der Mittleren Lebenszeit von Erythrozytten bei Regenbogenforellen (Salmo gairdneri R.) Mittels Cr51-markierung, Wiss. Z. Wilhelm-Pieck-Univ., Rostock. Naturwiss. R., 1988, vol. 37, pp. 93–96.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Zolotova, T.E., Experimental Study of Hemopoiesis in Fish, Cand. Sci. Dissertation, Moscow, 1987.

  74. Yamamoto, K., Itazawa, Y., and Kobayashi, H., Supply of Erythrocytes into the Circulating Blood from the Spleen of Exercised Fish, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 1980, vol. 65A, pp. 5–11.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Wells, R.W.G. and Weber, R.E., The Spleen in Hypoxic and Exercised Rainbow Trout, J. Exp. Biol., 1990, vol. 150, pp. 461–466.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Kita, J. and Itazawa, Y., Release of Erythrocytes from the Spleen during Exercise and Splenic Constriction by Adrenaline Infusion in the Rainbow Trout, Jap. J. Ichthyol., 1989, vol. 36, pp. 48–52.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Soldatov, A.A., Formation of Blood Depot Reserves in Ontogenesis of Marine Fish, Ekol. Morya, 1992, no. 42, pp. 46–55.

  78. Kita, J. and Itazawa, Y., Microcirculatory Pathways in the Spleen of the Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, Jap. J. Ichthyol., 1990, vol. 37, pp. 265–272.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Kita, J. and Itazawa, Y., Scanning Electron Microscope Study of Rainbow Trout Spleen with Special Reference to the Role of the Reticular Meshwork in Erythrocyte Release, Jap. J. Ichthyol., 1994, vol. 41, pp. 287–293.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Nilsson, S. and Grove, D., Autonomic Nerve Control of the Spleen in a Fish, Gadus morhua, Acta Physiol. Scand., 1973, vol. 89, pp. 98–104.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

__________

Translated from Zhurnal Evolyutsionnoi Biokhimii i Fiziologii, Vol. 41, No. 3, 2005, pp. 217–223.

Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Soldatov.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Soldatov, A.A. Peculiarities of Organization and Functioning of the Fish Red Blood System. J Evol Biochem Phys 41, 272–281 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10893-005-0060-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10893-005-0060-0

Keywords

Navigation