Abstract
The sex pheromone of the red banded mango caterpillar, Deanolis sublimbalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), a serious pest of the mango Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae) in India and Southeast Asia and a recent invader into northern Australia, has been identified. Three candidate compounds were identified from pheromone gland extracts of female moths, using gas chromatography (GC), GC-electroantennographic detection and GC-mass spectrometric analyses, in conjunction with dimethyldisulfide derivatization. Field bioassays established that both (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11-16:Ald) and (3Z,6Z,9Z)-tricosatriene (3Z,6Z,9Z-23:Hy) were required for attraction of male D. sublimbalis moths, and 1,000 μg of a 1:1 mix of Z11-16:Ald and 3Z,6Z,9Z-23:Hy was more attractive to male moths than caged virgin females. However, the binary blend was only attractive when the isomeric purity of the monounsaturated aldehyde was >99%, suggesting that the (E)-isomer was inhibitory. Although (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol (Z11-16:OH) was tentatively identified in gland extracts, the addition of this compound to the binary blend did not increase the numbers of moths captured. The pheromone can now be used in integrated pest management strategies.
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Acknowledgement
We thank Sine Gelua for technical assistance with rearing insects and field bioassays and Adam Matich and Andréa Stephens for commenting on an earlier version of the manuscript. Funding was provided by the Australian Center for International Agriculture Research (ACIAR), Horticulture Australia Ltd (HAL), Growcom (formerly Queensland Fruit and Vegetable Growers Association), and the New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science and Technology (FRST), under “Better Border Biosecurity” and previous programmes, to develop scientific capability to respond to biosecurity incursions.
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Gibb, A.R., Pinese, B., Tenakanai, D. et al. (Z)-11-Hexadecenal and (3Z,6Z,9Z)-Tricosatriene: Sex Pheromone Components of the Red Banded Mango Caterpillar Deanolis sublimbalis . J Chem Ecol 33, 579–589 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-006-9221-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-006-9221-x