Abstract
In anticipation of the growing need for adequate mental health care for older adults in residential aged care facilities, psychologists are challenged to overcome several barriers that impede the uptake and delivery of their services in such settings. Information and communication technologies (ICT) have strong potential to overcome some of these barriers by supporting the delivery of evidence-based psychosocial treatments for common psychogeriatric issues. This paper presents two case studies that illustrate when and how psychologists can use various ICT applications (e.g., tablet devices, web-based applications) integrated with cognitive behavioural and reminiscence-based therapies. Both case studies demonstrate that ICT can effectively support the therapeutic alliance, enhance therapeutic engagement, and individualize treatment delivery to accommodate the needs of elderly patients. It is hoped that these case studies will encourage clinicians to consider using ICT to augment therapy with their elderly patients.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alm, N., Dye, R., Gowans, G., Campbell, J., Astell, A., & Ellis, M. (2007). A communication support system for older people with dementia. Computer, 40, 35–41. doi:10.1109/MC.2007.153.
Anstey, K. J., von Sanden, C., Sargent-Cox, K., & Luszcz, M. A. (2007). Prevalence and risk factors for depression in a longitudinal, population-based study including individuals in the community and residential care. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 15, 497–505. doi:10.1097/JGP.0b013e31802e21d8.
Armstrong, N., Nugent, C., Moore, G., & Finlay, D. (2010). Using smartphones to address the needs of persons with Alzheimer’s disease. Annals of Telecommunications, 65, 485–495. doi:10.1007/s12243-010-0165-3.
Astell, A. J., Ellis, M. P., Bernardi, L., Alm, N., Dye, R., Gowans, G., & Campbell, J. (2010). Using a touch screen computer to support relationships between people with dementia and caregivers. Interacting with Computers, 22, 267–275. doi:10.1016/j.intcom.2010.03.003.
Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2013). Population projections, Australia, 2012 (base) to 2010 (cat. no. 3222.0). Canberra, Australia: Author.
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2012). Residential aged care in Australia, 2010–11: A statistical overview. Canberra: Author.
Australian Psychological Society. (2004, June). Brief on the role of psychologists in aged care services. Melbourne, Australia: Author.
Ayers, C. R., Sorrell, J. T., Thorp, S. R., & Loebach Wetherell, J. (2007). Evidence-based psychological treatments for late-life anxiety. Psychology and Aging, 22, 8–17. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.22.1.8.
Becker, E. M., & Jensen-Doss, A. (2013). Computer-assisted therapies: Examination of therapist-level barriers to their use. Behavior Therapy, 44, 614–624. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2013.05.002.
Bhar, S. S. (2014). Reminiscence therapy: A review. In N. A. Pachana & K. Laidlaw (Eds.), Oxford handbook of geropsychology (pp. 675–690). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bhar, S. S., & Brown, G. K. (2012). Treatment of depression and suicide in older adults. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 19, 116–125. doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2010.12.005.
Bhar, S. S., & Silver, M. (2014). Introduction of a university-based counselling service for older adults. Australasian Journal on Ageing, 33, 36–42. doi:10.111/ajag.12114.
Bhar, S. S., Silver, M., Campbell, J., Lawson, M., O’Brien, S., & Rehm, I. (2015). Counselling older adults living in residential aged care settings: Four illustrative case studies. Australian Psychologist, 50, 141–147. doi:10.111/ap.12098.
Bohlmeijer, E., Roemer, M., Cuijpers, P., & Smit, F. (2007). The effects of reminiscence on psychological well-being in older adults: A meta-analysis. Aging and Mental Health, 11, 291–300. doi:10.1080/13607860600963547.
Brown, G. K., Brown, L. M., Bhar, S. S., & Beck, A. T. (2008). Cognitive therapy for suicidal older adults. In A. Steffen, L. W. Thompson, & D. Gallagher-Thompson (Eds.), Handbook of behavioral and cognitive therapies with older adults (pp. 135–150). New York: Springer.
Burns, S. U. (2008). Geropsychology practice: One psychologist’s experience in long-term care. Psychological Services, 1, 73–84. doi:10.1037/1541-1559.5.1.73.
Cuijpers, P., Karyotaki, E., Pot, A. M., Pasrk, M., & Reynolds, C. F. (2014). Managing depression in older age: Psychological interventions. Maturitas, 79, 160–169. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2014.05.027.
Damianakis, T., Crete-Nishihata, M., Smith, K. L., Baecker, R. M., & Marziali, E. (2009). The psychosocial impacts of multimedia biographies on persons with cognitive impairments. The Gerontologist, 50, 23–35. doi:10.1093/geront/gnp104.
Dear, B. F., Zou, J. B., Ali, S., Lorian, C. N., Johnston, L., Terides, D. M., … Titov, N. (2015). Examining self-guided internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults with symptoms of anxiety and depression: Two feasibility open trails. Internet Interventions, 2, 17–23. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2014.11.002
Dear, B. F., Zou, J., Titov, N., Lorian, C., Johnston, L., Spence, J., … Knight, R. G. (2012). Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for depression: A feasibility open trial for older adults. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 47(2), 169–176. doi:10.1177/0004867412466154
Favilla, S., & Pedell, S. (2014). Touch screen collaborative music: Designing NIME for older people with dementia. In B. Caramiaux, K. Tahiroglu, R. Fiebrink, & A. Tanaka (Eds.), Proceedings of the 14th international conference on new interfaces for musical expression (pp. 35–39). London, England: University of Goldsmiths London. Retrieved from http://nime2014.org/proceedings/NIME2014-Proceedings.pdf
Gallagher-Thompson, D., & Cassidy, E. L. (2000). Training psychologists for service delivery in long-term care settings. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 7, 329–336. doi:10.1093/clipsy.7.3.329.
Gething, L., Gridley, H., Brownley, C., Helmes, E., Luszcz, M., Turner, J., … Wells, Y. (2003). The role of psychologists in fostering the wellbeing of older Australians. Australian Psychologist, 38, 1–10. doi:10.1080/00050060310001706957
Gonçalves, D. C., Guedes, J., Fonseca, A. M., Cabral Pinto, F., Martin, I., Byrne, G. J., & Pachana, N. A. (2011). Attitudes, knowledge, and interest: Preparing university students to work in an aging world. International Psychogeriatrics, 23, 315–321. doi:10.1017/S1041610210001638.
Groenewoud, H., Schikhof, Y., Astell, A. J., Gourmans, M., & de Lange, J. (2014). iPad happy games for people with dementia as pleasant and meaningful activity. Oral session (O2-08-04) dementia care practice: E-interventions for training and care. Alzheimer’s and Dementia, 10, 181. doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2014.04.201.
Helmes, E., & Gee, S. (2003). Attitudes of Australian therapists toward older clients: Educational and training imperatives. Educational Gerontology, 29, 657–670. doi:10.1080/03601270390225640.
Hyer, L., Kramer, D., & Sohnle, S. (2004). CBT with older people: Alterations and the value of the therapeutic alliance. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 41, 276–291. doi:10.1037/0033-3204.41.3.276.
Koder, D. A., & Helmes, E. (2008). The current status of clinical geropsychology in Australia: A survey of practising psychologists. Australian Psychologist, 43, 22–26. doi:10.1080/00050060701710967.
Laidlaw, K., & McAlpine, S. (2008). Cognitive behaviour therapy: How is it different with older people? Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive Behavior Therapy, 26, 250–262. doi:10.1007/s10942-008-0085-6.
Lancioni, G. E., Singh, N. N., O’Reilly, M. F., Sigafoos, J., Ferlisi, G., Zullo, V., … Denitto, F. (2014). A computer aided program for helping patients with moderate Alzheimer’s disease engage in verbal reminiscence. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 35, 3026–3033. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2014.07.047
Lazar, A., Thompson, H., & Demiris, G. (2014). A systematic review of the use of technology in reminiscence therapy. Health Education and Behaviour, 41, 51S–61S. doi:10.1177/1090198114537067.
Leng, F. Y., Yeo, D., George, S., & Barr, C. (2013). Comparison of iPad applications with traditional activities using person-centred care approach: Impact on well-being for persons with dementia. Dementia,. doi:10.1177/1471301213494514.
Livingston, G., Johnston, K., Katona, C., Paton, J., & Lyketos, C. G. (2005). Systematic review of psychological approaches to the management of neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 1996–2021. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.11.1996.
Luxton, D. D., McCann, R. A., Bush, N. E., Mishkind, M. C., & Reger, G. M. (2011). mHealth for mental health: Integrating smartphone technology in behavioral healthcare. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 42, 505–512. doi:10.1037/a0024485.
Miller, E. A., Booth, M., & Mor, V. (2008). Assessing experts’ views on the future of long-term care. Research on Aging, 30, 450–473. doi:10.1177/0164027508316607.
O’Rourke, J., Tobin, F., O’Callaghan, S., Sowman, R., & Collins, D. R. (2011). ‘YouTube’: A useful tool for reminiscence therapy in dementia? Age and Ageing, 40, 742–748. doi:10.1093/ageing/afr100.
Opie, J., Rosewarne, R., & O’Connor, D. W. (1999). The efficacy of psychosocial approaches to behaviour disorders in dementia: A systematic literature review. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 33, 789–799.
Preschl, B., Maercker, A., Wagner, B., Forstmeier, S., Banos, R. M., Alcaniz, M., … Botella, C. (2012). Life-review therapy with computer supplements for depression in the elderly: A randomized controlled trial. Aging and Mental Health, 16(8), 964–974. doi:10.1080/13607863.2012.702726
Robb, C., Haley, W. E., Becker, M. A., Polivka, L. A., & Chwa, H. J. (2003). Attitudes towards mental health care in younger and older adults: Similarities and differences. Aging and Mental Health, 7, 142–152. doi:10.1080/1360786031000072321.
Seitz, D., Purandare, N., & Conn, D. (2010). Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among older adults in long-term care homes: A systematic review. International Psychogeriatrics, 22, 1025–1039. doi:10.1017/S1041610210000608.
Subramaniam, P., & Woods, B. (2010). Towards the therapeutic use of information and communication technology in reminiscence work for people with dementia: A systematic review. International Journal of Computers in Healthcare, 1, 106–125. doi:10.1504/IJCIH.2010.037457.
Upton, D., Upton, P., Jones, T., Jutlla, K., & Brooker, D. (2011). Evaluation of the impact of touch screen technology on people with dementia and their carers within care home settings (University of Worcester report). Department of Health West Midlands. Retrieved from http://memoryappsfordementia.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/University-of-Worcester-iPad-report-2011.pdf
Vroman, K. G., Arthanat, S., & Lysack, C. (2015). “Who over 65 is online?” Older adults’ dispositions toward information communication technology. Computers in Human Behavior, 43, 156–166. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.10.018.
Yasuda, K., Kawabara, K., Kawahara, N., Abe, S., & Tetsutania, N. (2009). Effectiveness of personalised reminiscence photo videos for individuals with dementia. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation: An International Journal, 19, 603–619. doi:10.1080/09602010802586216.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
Imogen C. Rehm, Selma Musić, Anthony Carlsson, Faye Scanlan, Mark Silver, and Sunil S. Bhar declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent
No animal or human research studies were carried out by the authors for this article. The case study materials in the report have been altered so as to strip away all identifying information and preserve client anonymity.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rehm, I.C., Musić, S., Carlsson, A. et al. Integrating Web-Based Applications into Aged Care: Two Case Studies and Discussion. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 23, 285–297 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10880-016-9457-8
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10880-016-9457-8