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In-situ hybridization of calcium silicate and hydroxyapatite-gelatin nanocomposites enhances physical property and in vitro osteogenesis

  • Engineering and Nano-engineering Approaches for Medical Devices
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Abstract

Low mechanical strengths and inadequate bioactive material-tissue interactions of current synthetic materials limit their clinical applications in bone regeneration. Here, we demonstrate gelatin modified siloxane–calcium silicate (GEMOSIL–CS), a nanocomposite made of gelatinous hydroxyapatite with in situ pozzolanic formation of calcium silicate (CS) interacting among gelatin, silica and Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(OH)2). It is shown the formation of CS matrices, which chemically bonds to the gelatinous hydroxyapatite, provided hygroscopic reinforcement mechanism and promoted both in vitro and in vivo osteogenic properties of GEMOSIL–CS. The formation of CS was identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and powder X-ray diffraction. The interfacial bindings within nanocomposites were studied by FTIR and thermogravimetric analysis. Both gelatin and CS have been found critical to the structure integrity and mechanical strengths (93 MPa in compressive strength and 58.9 MPa in biaxial strength). The GEMOSIL–CS was biocompatible and osteoconductive as result of type I collagen secretion and mineralized nodule formation from MC3T3 osteoblasts. SEM and TEM indicated the secretion of collagen fibers and mineral particles as the evidence of mineralization in the early stage of osteogenic differentiation. In vivo bone formation capability was performed by implanting GEMOSIL–CS into rat calvarial defects for 12 weeks and the result showed comparable new bone formation between GEMOSIL–CS group (20 %) and the control (20.19 %). The major advantage of GEMOSIL–CS composites is in situ self-hardening in ambient or aqueous environment at room temperature providing a simple, fast and cheap method to produce porous scaffolds.

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Acknowledgments

Research reported in this publication was supported by NIH/NIDCR KO8DE018695 and R01DE022816-01.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that there are no potential conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. NC Oral Health Institute, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, CB #7454, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA

    Chi-Kai Chiu, Dong Joon Lee & Ching-Chang Ko

  2. Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, CB #7454, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA

    Hsin Chen

  3. Paffenbarger Research Center (ADAF), National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA

    Laurence C. Chow

  4. Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, 275 Brauer Hall, CB #7454, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA

    Ching-Chang Ko

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  1. Chi-Kai Chiu
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Correspondence to Ching-Chang Ko.

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Chiu, CK., Lee, D.J., Chen, H. et al. In-situ hybridization of calcium silicate and hydroxyapatite-gelatin nanocomposites enhances physical property and in vitro osteogenesis. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 26, 92 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-015-5456-9

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