Abstract
In this study we have reported the effect of Ni-doping on optical and magnetic properties of ZnS nanorods. The diameter and length of low temperature solvothermally synthesized, high quality nanorods are 10 and 50–300 nm respectively as revealed from transmission electron microscopy. From X-ray diffraction, the structure of Ni-doped nanorods was observed as wurtzite with lattice parameters, a = 3.83 and c = 6.26. The band gap of the undoped and doped samples was found to be blue shifted as compared to the bulk counterpart when analyzed with UV–visible spectroscopy. Quenching in photoluminescence spectra was observed in case of Ni-doped nanorods as compared to undoped counterpart. The magnetization as analyzed from vibrating sample magnetometer was found to increase with 1 and 5 % Ni-doping concentration, and decrease with further increase in Ni-doping concentration, i.e., with 10 % Ni-doping.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S.A. Wolf, D.D. Awschalom, R.A. Buhrman, J.M. Daughton, S. von Molnar, M.L. Roukes, A.Y. Chtchelkanova, D.M. Treger, Spintronics: a spin-based electronics vision for the future. Science 294, 1488 (2001)
J.K. Furdyna, Dilute magnetic semiconductors. J. Appl. Phys. 64, R29 (1988)
M.L. Steigerwald, L.E. Brus, Semiconductor crystallites: a class of large molecules. Acc. Chem. Res. 23, 183–186 (1990)
D. Kim, K.D. Min, J. Lee, J.H. Park, J.H. Chun, Influences of surface capping on particle size and optical characteristics of ZnS:Cu nanocrystals. Mater. Sci. Eng. B 131, 13 (2006)
Y. Wang, N. Herron, Nanometer-sized semiconductor clusters: materials synthesis, quantum size effects, and photophysical properties. J. Phys. Chem. 95, 525 (1991)
V.L. Colvin, M.C. Schlamp, A.P. Alivisatos, Light-emitting-diodes made from cadmium selenide nanocrystals and a semiconducting polymer. Nature 370, 354 (1994)
R.N. Bharagava, Doped nanocrystalline materials—physics and applications. J. Lumin. 70, 85–94 (1996)
S. Kumar, S. Kumar, N.K. Verma, S.K. Chakravarti, Room temperature ferromagnetism in solvothermally synthesized pure CdSe and CdSe:Ni nanorods. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 22, 1456–1459 (2011)
S. Kumar, S. Kumar, S. Jain, N.K. Verma, Magnetic and structural characterization of transition metal co-doped CdS nanoparticles. Appl. Nanosci. 2, 127–131 (2012)
S. Delikanli, S. He, Y. Qin, P. Zhang, H. Zeng, H. Zhang, M. Swihart, Room temperature ferromagnetism in Mn-doped CdS nanorods. Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 132501 (2008)
R. Bhargava, D. Gallagher, T. Welker, Doped nanocrystals of semiconductors—a new class of luminescent materials. J. Lumin. 60, 275–280 (1994)
P.B. He, W.M. Liu, Nonlinear magnetization dynamics in a ferromagnetic nanowire with spin current. Phys. Rev. B 72, 064410 (2005)
P.B. He, X.C. Xie, W.M. Liu, Domain-wall resonance induced by spin-polarized current in metal thin films with stripe structures. Phys. Rev. B 72, 172411 (2005)
Z.D. Li, Q.Y. Li, L. Li, W.M. Liu, Soliton solution for the spin current in a ferromagnetic nanowires. Phys. Rev. E 76, 026605 (2007)
Z. Jindal, N.K. Verma, Enhanced luminescence of UV irradiated Zn1−xNixS nanoparticles. Mater. Chem. Phys. 124, 270–273 (2010)
Z. Jindal, N.K. Verma, Photoluminescent properties of ZnS:Mn nanoparticles with in-built surfactant. J. Mater. Sci. 43, 6539–6545 (2008)
G.S. Lotey, Z. Jindal, V. Singhi, N.K. Verma, Structural and photoluminescence properties of Eu-doped ZnS nanoparticles. Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 16, 2044–2050 (2013)
Y. Li, C. Cao, Z. Chen, Magnetic and optical properties of Fe-doped ZnS nanoparticles synthesized by microemulsion method. Chem. Phys. Lett. 517, 55–58 (2011)
S. Sambasivam, D.P. Joseph, J.G. Lin, C. Venkateswaran, Doping induced magnetism in Co–ZnS nanoparticles. J. Solid State Chem. 182, 2598–2601 (2009)
S. Kumar, C.L. Chen, C.L. Dong, Y.K. Ho, J.F. Lee, T.S. Chan, R. Thangavel, T.K. Chen, B.H. Mok, S.M. Rao, M.K. Wu, Room temperature ferromagnetism in Ni-doped ZnS nanoparticles. J. Alloy. Compd. 554, 357–362 (2013)
S. Biswas, S. Kar, Fabrication of ZnS nanoparticles and nanorods with cubic and hexagonal crystal structures: a simple solvothermal approach. Nanotechnology 19, 045710 (2008)
Z. Yang, Q.H. Liu, H.C. Yu, B. Zou, Y.G. Wang, T.H. Wang, Substrate-free growth, characterization and growth mechanism of ZnO nanorods close-packed arrays. Nanotechnology 19, 035704 (2008)
S. Sambasivam, D. Paul Joseph, D. Raja Reddy, B.K. Reddy, C.K. Jayasankar, Mater. Sci. Eng. B 150, 125–129 (2008)
J. Cao, D. Han, B. Wang, L. Fan, H. Fu, M. Wei, B. Feng, X. Liu, J. Yang, Low temperature synthesis, photoluminescence, magnetic properties of the transition metal doped wurtzite ZnS nanowires. J. Solid State Chem. 200, 317–322 (2013)
W. Sang, Y. Qian, J. Min, D. Li, L. Wang, W. Shi, L. Yinfeng, Microstructural and optical properties of ZnS:Cu nanocrystals prepared by complex transformation method. Solid State Commun. 121, 475–478 (2002)
P.H. Borse, N. Deshmukh, Luminescence quenching in ZnS nanoparticles due to Fe and Ni doping. J. Mater. Sci. 34, 6087–6099 (1999)
Q.J. Feng, D.Z. Shen, J.Y. Zhang, Y.M. Lu, Y.C. Liu, X.W. Fan, Influence of Fe content on the structural and optical properties of ZnFeS thin films. Mater. Chem. Phys. 96, 158–162 (2006)
G. Zhu, S. Zhang, Z. Xu, J. Ma, X. Shen, Ultrathin ZnS single crystal nanowires: controlled synthesis and room-temperature ferromagnetism properties. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 15605–15612 (2011)
C.J. Chen, W. Gao, Z.F. Qin, W. Hu, M. Qu, W. Giriat, Magnetization and magnetic susceptibility of the diluted magnetic semiconductors Zn1−xCoxS and Zn1−xCoxSe. J. Appl. Phys. 70, 6277 (1991)
H. Chen, D. Shi, J. Qi, Comparative studies on the magnetic properties of ZnS nanowires doped with transition metal atoms. J. Appl. Phys. 109, 084338 (2011)
T.M. Giebultowicz, P. Klosowski, J.J. Rhyne, T.J. Udovic, J.K. Furdyna, W. Giriat, Magnetic exchange interactions in Co-based II–VI diluted magnetic semiconductors: Zn1−xCoxS. Phys. Rev. B 41, 504 (1990)
S.P. Patel, J.C. Pivin, A.K. Chawla, R. Chandra, D. Kanjilal, L. Kumar, Room temperature ferromagnetism in Zn1-xCxS thin films with wurtzite structure. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 323, 2734–2740 (2011)
C. Bi, L. Pan, M. Xu, J. Yin, L. Qin, J. Liu, H. Zhu, J.Q. Xiao, Synthesis and characterization of Co-doped wurtzite ZnS nanocrystals. Mater. Phys. Chem. 116, 363–367 (2009)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kumar, S., Verma, N.K. Effect of Ni-doping on optical and magnetic properties of solvothermally synthesized ZnS wurtzite nanorods. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 25, 785–790 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-013-1646-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-013-1646-8