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Polymer nanocomposites based on graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs): a review on thermal-electrical conductivity, mechanical and barrier properties

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Abstract

In this paper, graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs)-based polymer nanocomposites were reviewed. This review mainly discusses various synthesis techniques for making graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs) including dispersion of GNPs in polymers, functionalization and producing GNPs polymer nanocomposites. In addition, their critical morphology and rheological, mechanical, electrical, and thermal conductivity as well as gas barrier properties were explained. It was found that when GNPs were properly incorporated into the polymer matrix, they can enhance the properties of the host polymer at extreme conditions. Moreover, surface modification of GNPs by covalent and non-covalent functionalization has been explored as a new platform for realizing structure–property interactions of polymer nanocomposites. Proposed predictive modeling and analysis methods on the mechanical, electrical, and thermal conductivities and gas barrier properties of GNPs/polymer nanocomposites were also disclosed considering, in particular, GNPs geometry and orientation in polymers. It was concluded that GNPs added to thermoset and thermoplastic polymer nanocomposites exhibit conceivable developments in advanced engineering uses, including electronics, ultra-sensitive sensors, membranes, energy storage, wearable technology, aerospace and biomedical.

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Figure 1
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Copyright© 2019 Elsevier, c Hexagonal (2H) GNPs with graphene layers stacked in translational …ABAB… sequence with room temperature 0.336 nm perpendicular interplanar distance [35]

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Copyright© 2016 John Wiley and Son

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Copyright© 2019 Elsevier

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Copyright© 2016 American Chemical Society

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Copyright© 2016 Elsevier

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Copyright© 2015 Elsevier

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Copyright© 2019 Elsevier

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Copyright© 2017 American Chemical Society

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Copyright© 2017 American Chemical Society

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Copyright© 2015 Elsevier

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Copyright© 2018 John Wiley and Sons

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Copyright© 2007 American Chemical Society

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Copyright© 2011 Elsevier

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Abbreviations

2D:

Two-dimensional

3D:

Three-dimensional

ABS:

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene

AFM:

Atomic force microscopy

APTES:

3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane

APTMS:

3-Aminopropyletrimethoxysilane

C:

Carbon

CF:

Carbon fiber

CFRP:

Carbon fiber-reinforced plastic

CNC:

Cellulose nanocrystals

CNTs:

Carbon nanotubes

CPCs:

Conductive polymer composites

CS:

Chitosan

CTBN:

Carboxyl terminated butadiene acrylonitrile

CVD:

Chemical vapor deposition

FTIR:

Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy

f-GNPs:

Functionalized graphene nanoplatelets

f-GNSs:

Functionalized graphene nanosheets

GICs:

Graphene-intercalated compounds

GNPs:

Graphite nanoplatelets

GO:

Graphene oxide

H2SO4 :

Sulfuric acid

HDPE:

High-density polyethylene

HNO3 :

Nitric acid

H3PO4 :

Phosphoric acid

ILSS:

Interlaminar shear strength

K2SO4 :

Potassium Sulphate

KOH:

Potassium hydroxide

LPE:

Liquid-phase exfoliation

MGPs:

Multi-graphene platelets

MWCNTs:

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes

NCA:

Nano carbon aerogels

(NH4)2S2O8 :

Ammonium persulfate

Na2SO4 :

Sodium sulfate

NH4Cl:

Ammonium chloride

NaNO3 :

Sodium nitrate

NaClO4 :

Sodium perchlorate

PA:

Polyamide

PC:

Polycarbonate

PES:

Polyether sulfone

PET:

Polyethylene terephthalate

PEEAMA:

Poly (ethylene-co-ethyl acrylate-co-maleic anhydride)

PP:

Polypropylene

PNCs:

Polymer nanocomposites

PS:

Polystyrene

PU:

Polyurethane

RC:

Regenerated cellulose

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

TMP:

Trimethyl phosphate

UHMWPE:

Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene

VARI:

Vacuum-assisted resin infusion

VARTM:

Vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding

ZnO:

Zinc oxide

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by Erciyes University Scientific Research Unit (EUBAP) under contract number FBD-2020-10069. Author(s) would like to thank this invaluable support. Author(s) also thank to the Technology Research and Application Center (TAUM) and Nanotechnology Research Center (ERNAM) at Erciyes University.

Funding

This research received a grant from Erciyes University Scientific Research Unit (EUBAP) under contract number FBD-2020-10069.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nano/Microfiber Preform Design and Composite Laboratory, Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Erciyes University, 38039, Talas, Kayseri, Turkey

    Kadir Bilisik & Mahmuda Akter

  2. Nanotechnology Application and Research Centre (ERNAM), Erciyes University, 38039, Talas, Kayseri, Turkey

    Kadir Bilisik

  3. Department of Apparel Engineering, Faculty of Textile Fashion Design and Apparel Engineering, Bangladesh University of Textiles, 1208, Tejgaon-Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Mahmuda Akter

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  1. Kadir Bilisik
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KB: Methodology, conceptualization, supervision, formal analysis, writing–review & editing, MA: Investigation, experimental designing, visualization, resources, writing and draft preparation and reference management.

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Bilisik, K., Akter, M. Polymer nanocomposites based on graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs): a review on thermal-electrical conductivity, mechanical and barrier properties. J Mater Sci 57, 7425–7480 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-022-07092-0

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