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Characterization of clay composite ballistic witness materials

Time-, temperature-, and history-dependent properties

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Abstract

Mechanical and thermal properties of Roma Plastilina Clay #1 (RP1) were studied through small-amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS), large-amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), supplemented with thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray florescence. Rheological characterizations of RP1 through SAOS indicate that the clay composite softens as it is worked and slowly stiffens as it rests. Upon heating, the clay composite softens, prior work history is erased, and the composite undergoes a melting transition, although melted clay is significantly stiffer when returned to the usage temperature. Continuing mechanical characterizations into the LAOS or nonlinear region, RP1 transitions from a transient network to a viscous shear-thinning material as the temperature is increased. Using the MITlaos framework, RP1 exhibits intra-cycle strain stiffening and intra-cycle shear thinning at all temperatures.

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Notes

  1. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper in order to specify the experimental procedure adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose.

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Acknowledgements

Special thanks to S. Leigh, A. Kotula, and A. Forster for reviewing this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA

    Jonathan E. Seppala, Chad R. Snyder & Gale A. Holmes

  2. Montgomery College, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA

    Yoonae Heo

  3. Materials and Structural Systems Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA

    Paul E. Stutzman

  4. Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA

    John R. Sieber

  5. Materials Measurement Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA

    Kirk D. Rice

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  1. Jonathan E. Seppala
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  2. Yoonae Heo
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  5. Chad R. Snyder
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  7. Gale A. Holmes
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Correspondence to Jonathan E. Seppala.

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Official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology; not subject to copyright in the United States.

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Seppala, J.E., Heo, Y., Stutzman, P.E. et al. Characterization of clay composite ballistic witness materials. J Mater Sci 50, 7048–7057 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-015-9259-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-015-9259-7

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