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Salinity tolerance of four freshwater microalgal species and the effects of salinity and nutrient limitation on biochemical profiles

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Abstract

Microalgae are ideal candidates for bioremediation and biotechnological applications. However, salinity and nutrient resource availability vary seasonally and between cultivation sites, potentially impacting on biomass productivity. The aim of this study was to screen pollutant-tolerant freshwater microalgae (Desmodesmus armatus, Mesotaenium sp., Scenedesmus quadricauda and Tetraedron sp.), isolated from Tarong power station ash-dam water, for their tolerance to cultivation at a range of salinities. To determine if biochemical composition could be manipulated, the effects of 4-day nutrient limitation were also determined. Microalgae were cultured at 2, 8, 11 and 18 ppt salinity, and nutrient uptake was monitored daily. Growth, total lipid, fatty acid (FA), and amino acid contents were quantified in biomass harvested while nutrient-replete and, after 4 days, nutrient-deplete. D. armatus showed the highest salinity tolerance actively growing in up to 18 ppt while Mesotaenium sp. was the least halotolerant with decreasing growth rates from 11 ppt. However, Mesotaenium sp. at 2 and 8 ppt had the highest biomass productivity and nutrient requirements of the four species, making it ideal for nutrient remediation of eutrophic freshwater effluents. Salinity and nutrient status had minimal influence on total lipid and FA contents in D. armatus and Mesotaenium sp., while nutrient depletion induced an increase of total lipid and FAs in S. quadricauda and Tetraedron sp., which was further increased with increasing salinity. As none of the growth conditions affected amino acid profiles of the species, these findings provide a basis for species selection based on site-specific salinity conditions and nutrient resource availability.

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Acknowledgments

The project was supported by the Advanced Manufacturing Cooperative Research Centre (AMCRC), funded through the Australian Government’s Cooperative Research Centre Scheme, grant number 2.2.2. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis or preparation of the manuscript and have provided permission to publish. This research is part of the MBD Energy Research and Development program for Biological Carbon Capture and Storage. Nicolas von Alvensleben was supported by an AMCRC PhD scholarship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture and School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia

    Nicolas von Alvensleben & Kirsten Heimann

  2. MACRO—the Centre for Macroalgal Resources and Biotechnology and School of Marine & Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia

    Marie Magnusson

  3. Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia

    Kirsten Heimann

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  1. Nicolas von Alvensleben
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S. Table 1

Effect of salinity and culture nutrient status (replete/deplete) on Desmodesmus armatus fatty acid profiles (FA content (mg g-1 DW)) (DOCX 18 kb)

S. Table 2

Effect of salinity and culture nutrient status (replete/deplete) on Mesotaenium sp. fatty acid profiles (FA content [mg g-1 DW]) (DOCX 17 kb)

S. Table 3

Effect of salinity and culture nutrient status (replete/deplete) on Scenedesmusquadricauda fatty acid profiles (FA content [mg g-1 DW]) (DOCX 16 kb)

S. Table 4

Effect of salinity and culture nutrient status (replete/deplete) on Tetraedron sp. fatty acid profiles (FA content [mg g-1 DW]) (DOCX 17 kb)

S. Table 5

Total lipid and total FAME productivities [mg L-1 day-1] ofDesmodesmus armatus, Mesotaeniumsp., Scenedesmus quadricauda and Tetraedron sp. at 2, 8, 11 and 18 ppt salinity. Productivities were derived from biomass productivities during the exponential growth phase. (DOCX 15 kb)

S. Table 6

Individual FAME productivities [mg L-1 day-1] ofDesmodesmus armatus, Mesotaeniumsp., Scenedesmus quadricauda and Tetraedron sp. at 2, 8, 11 and 18 ppt salinity. Productivities were derived from biomass productivities during the exponential growth phase. (DOCX 17 kb)

S. Table 7

Amino acid profiles [mg g-1 DW] of Desmodesmus armatus at 2 and 11 ppt in nutrient-replete and deplete conditions. (DOCX 15 kb)

S. Table 8

Amino acid profiles [mg g-1 DW] of Mesotaeniumsp. at 2 and 11 ppt in nutrient-replete and deplete conditions. (DOCX 15 kb)

S. Table 9

Amino acid profiles [mg g-1 DW] of Scenedesmus quadricauda at 2 and 11 ppt in nutrient-replete and deplete conditions. (DOCX 15 kb)

S. Table 10

Amino acid profiles [mg g-1 DW] of Tetraedronsp. at 2 and 11 ppt in nutrient-replete and deplete conditions. (DOCX 15 kb)

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von Alvensleben, N., Magnusson, M. & Heimann, K. Salinity tolerance of four freshwater microalgal species and the effects of salinity and nutrient limitation on biochemical profiles. J Appl Phycol 28, 861–876 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-015-0666-6

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