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Investigation of the application of Acadian Marine Plant Extract Powder (AMPEP) to enhance the growth, phenolic content, free radical scavenging, and iron chelating activities of Kappaphycus Doty (Solieriaceae, Gigartinales, Rhodophyta)

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Abstract

An optimization study on concentration (viz. 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 g L−1) and dipping time (i.e., 30 and 60 min) was conducted on three different color morphotypes (i.e., reddish brown, yellowish brown and purple) of the commercial carrageenophyte Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty. The study tested the efficacy of Acadian Marine Plant Extract Powder (AMPEP) on the growth rate and occurrence of macro-epiphytes from August to November, representing the wet season of the Philippines. The optimum concentration and dipping time were obtained at 0.1 g L−1 and 30 min, respectively. These optimum parameters were then further verified in a commercial nursery using the yellowish brown morphotype. In another experiment, K. alvarezii (tambalang purple morphotype) and Kappaphycus striatum (Schmitz) Doty (sacol green morphotype) with, and without, AMPEP dippings were tested for their total phenolic content, free radical scavenging and iron chelating activities. Seaweed dipped in AMPEP demonstrated higher growth rates than the control. Lower concentrations (i.e., 0.01-0.1 g L−1) and shorter dipping time (e.g., 30 min) produced higher growth rates than the highest concentration (1.0 g L−1) and longer (60 min) dipping time. The presence of macro-epiphytes such as filamentous Ulva did not adversely affect the robust growth of the three color morphotypes of K. alvarezii. The lowest and highest growth rates obtained in a commercial seaweed nursery using the optimum concentration and dipping time of AMPEP were observed in July and January with 0.8% and 6.7% day−1, respectively. The antioxidant content of K. alvarezii (tambalang purple) and K. striatum (sacol green) responded differently to AMPEP dipping. The changes in total antioxidant activity followed almost the same trend as in phenolic content, in both K. alvarezii (tambalang purple) and K. striatum (sacol green), whereas, the iron chelating ability of both seaweeds with and without AMPEP dipping varied monthly. The results obtained for the use of AMPEP dips for commercial Kappaphycus cultivation demonstrated an effective management tool for improved farming protocols.

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Acknowledgment

The senior author is thankful to Acadian Seaplants Limited, Nova Scotia, Canada for the samples of AMPEP used in the study and the farmers of Kasanyangan Nursery Seaweed Enterprise of Zamboanga City for their assistance during sampling days.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Integrated Services for the Development of Aquaculture and Fisheries, McArthur Highway, Tabuc Suba Jaro, 5000, Iloilo City, Philippines

    Anicia Q. Hurtado

  2. Kasangyangan Nursery Seaweed Enterprise, Tigtabon Is., 7000, Zamboanga City, Philippines

    Munib Joe

  3. College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of the Philippines in the Visayas, 5023 Miag-ao, Iloilo, Philippines

    Roman C. Sanares

  4. Department of Plant and Animal Science, Nova Scotia Agriculture College, P.O. Box 550, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada

    Di Fan & Balakrishnan Prithiviraj

  5. Acadian Seaplants Limited, 30 Brown Avenue, Dartmouth, NS, B3B 1X8, Canada

    Alan T. Critchley

Authors
  1. Anicia Q. Hurtado
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  2. Munib Joe
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  3. Roman C. Sanares
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  4. Di Fan
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  5. Balakrishnan Prithiviraj
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  6. Alan T. Critchley
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Correspondence to Anicia Q. Hurtado.

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Hurtado, A.Q., Joe, M., Sanares, R.C. et al. Investigation of the application of Acadian Marine Plant Extract Powder (AMPEP) to enhance the growth, phenolic content, free radical scavenging, and iron chelating activities of Kappaphycus Doty (Solieriaceae, Gigartinales, Rhodophyta). J Appl Phycol 24, 601–611 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-011-9785-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-011-9785-x

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