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Does Language Guide Behavior in Children with Autism?

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Abstract

It is unknown if children with high-functioning autism (HFA) employ self-directed speech to guide motor sequencing and motor control, or if they can benefit from using self-directed speech when prompted to do so. Participants performed a three-movement sequence across three conditions: Natural Learning, Task-Congruent Verbalization (TCV), and Task-Incongruent Verbalization (TIV). TIV deleteriously impacted performance in the typically-developing group (n = 22), and not the HFA group (n = 21). TCV improved performance in both groups, but to a greater extent in the HFA group. These findings suggest that children with HFA do not initiate self-directed speech spontaneously, but can use language to guide behavior when prompted to do so.

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Notes

  1. Private speech is conceptualized as self-directive speech spoken quietly (but outwardly) to oneself, while inner speech has been conceptualized as the subsequent process of completely internalizing (i.e., not speaking out loud, rather thinking) private speech (Vygotsky, 1978).

  2. This study included only males since research indicates that autism is more likely to occur in boys than in girls with a 4:1 ratio (APA 2000). Also, the database that we recruited from was consistent with this ratio and few girls met our eligibility criteria. As such, only males participated in this study.

  3. These six participants were not administered the ADI-R as part of a previous research protocol.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the University of Utah’s Autism Research Program and BYU’s Autism Research Laboratory, in particular Mikle South, Ph.D., for help with recruitment of the autism participants. We would also like to thank John Sheehan and Jenny Wilson for their dedication to this research project.

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  1. Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 1750 E Fairmount Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA

    Jennifer C. Gidley Larson

  2. Department of Psychology, University of Utah, 380 S. 1530 E. Rm 502, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA

    Jennifer C. Gidley Larson & Yana Suchy

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Correspondence to Jennifer C. Gidley Larson.

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Gidley Larson, J.C., Suchy, Y. Does Language Guide Behavior in Children with Autism?. J Autism Dev Disord 44, 2147–2161 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2089-7

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