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Correct processing of impedance spectra for lead-acid batteries to parameterize the charge-transfer process

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Abstract

Electro-chemical impedance spectroscopy is widely used to analyze electro-chemical systems. Most attention is paid to the double-layer capacitance and the charge-transfer resistance as they describe the electro-chemical process on the surface of the electrode. Both values can provide specific information about aging mechanisms, which diminish the surface area. This is of interest when capacity tests are restricted to determine the aging. For lead-acid batteries, for example, this is the case in applications like micro-hybrid vehicles or uninterruptible power supply systems. However, the interpretation of impedance spectra of lead-acid batteries necessitates proper measurements, elaborated verification of measurement validity, and a sufficient model of electro-chemical processes. In this work, impedance spectra, recorded on lead-acid test cells, are processed to identify the ohmic resistance, the double-layer capacitance, and the parameters of the charge-transfer reaction of the negative electrode. This electrode suffers from sulfation, a common aging mechanism in current applications. The aim of the paper is to define a correct processing of impedance spectra for lead-acid batteries, and to depict challenges. Furthermore, possible equivalent electrical circuit models for the negative electrode are evaluated regarding their dependencies on state of charge and current rate. Many of these aspects can be transferred to other electro-chemical systems.

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Acknowledgements

The underlying work has been conducted within the project BSMS (EU-1-1-081) funded through the European EFRE program.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Systems Group, Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA), RWTH Aachen University, Jaegerstrasse 17/19, 52066, Aachen, Germany

    Monika Kwiecien, Moritz Huck & Dirk Uwe Sauer

  2. Jülich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA-Energy, Aachen, Germany

    Monika Kwiecien, Moritz Huck & Dirk Uwe Sauer

  3. BatterieIngenieure GmbH, Huettenstraße 5, 52068, Aachen, Germany

    Julia Badeda

  4. Institute for Power Generation and Storage Systems (PGS), E.ON ERC, RWTH Aachen University, Jaegerstrasse 17/19, 52066, Aachen, Germany

    Dirk Uwe Sauer

  5. Helmholtz Institute Münster (HI MS), IEK-12, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jaegerstrasse 17/19, 52066, Aachen, Germany

    Dirk Uwe Sauer

Authors
  1. Monika Kwiecien
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  2. Moritz Huck
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  3. Julia Badeda
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  4. Dirk Uwe Sauer
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Correspondence to Monika Kwiecien.

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Kwiecien, M., Huck, M., Badeda, J. et al. Correct processing of impedance spectra for lead-acid batteries to parameterize the charge-transfer process. J Appl Electrochem 48, 885–900 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-018-1217-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-018-1217-z

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