Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Incidence and risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity in extreme low birth weight Chinese infants

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
International Ophthalmology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The objective of this study is to determine the incidence and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) Chinese infants. A retrospective medical record review of all ELBW (≤1,000 g) neonates screened for ROP from 2007 to 2012 was performed in Hong Kong. ROP screening was conducted at 2 neonatal intensive care units by 3 pediatric ophthalmologists using the Royal College of Ophthalmologists ROP guideline and the International Classification of ROP. Maternal and neonatal covariates were analyzed using univariate and multivariate regression analyses for both ROP and Type 1 ROP. In 131 ELBW Chinese infants, the mean gestational age (GA) and birth weight (BW) were 27.3 ± 3.3 weeks and 806.9 ± 133.7 g, respectively. The incidence of ROP and Type 1 ROP was 53.4 and 14.5 %, respectively. For ROP, a lighter BW, smaller GA, vaginal delivery, postnatal hypotension, inotrope use, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, surfactant use, invasive mechanical ventilation, and supplementary oxygen were independent risk factors for ROP, while PET was protective (P ≤ 0.02). On multivariate analysis, a smaller GA was a risk factor, while PET and congenital heart disease were protective for ROP development (P ≤ 0.01). For Type 1 ROP, a lighter BW, smaller GA, surfactant use, and invasive mechanical ventilation were independent risk factors for ROP, while PET was protective (P ≤ 0.02). There were no significant covariates on multivariate analysis for Type 1 ROP. In ELBW, preterm Chinese infants, a smaller GA was a risk factor for ROP, while PET and congenital heart disease were protective for ROP development in multivariate analysis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Terry TL (1945) Retrolental fibroplasia in premature infants. Further studies on fibrolastic overgrowth of tunica vasculosa lentis. Arch Ophthalmol 33:203–208

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Steinkuller PG, Du L, Gilbert C, Foster A, Collins ML, Coats DK (1999) Childhood blindness. J AAPOS 3:26–32

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Gong A, Anday E, Boros S, Bucciarelli R, Burchfield D, Zucker J, Long W, The American Exosurf Neonatal Study Group I (1995) One-year follow-up evaluation of 260 premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome and birth weights of 700 to 1,350 g randomised to two rescue doses of synthetic surfactant or air placebo. J Pediatr 126:S68–S74

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Kennedy J, Todd DA, Watts J, John E (1997) Retinopathy of prematurity in infants less than 29 weeks’ gestation: 3 1/2 years pre-and postsurfactant. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 34:289–292

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Termote J, Schalij-Delfos NE, Brouwers HA, Donders AR, Cats BP (2000) New developments in neonatology: less severe retinopathy of prematurity? J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 37(3):142–148

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Lam HS, Wong SP, Liu FY, Wong HL, Fok TF, Ng PC (2009) Attitudes toward neonatal intensive care treatment of preterm infants with a high risk of developing long-term disabilities. Pediatrics 123(6):1501–1508

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. Guideline for the screening and treatment of retinopathy of prematurity. http://www.rcpch.ac.uk (Accessed on 2 Nov 2013)

  8. Report of a Joint Working Party. (1996) The Royal College of Ophthalmologist, British Association of Perinatal Medicine: Retinopathy of prematurity: guidelines for screening and treatment. Early Hum Dev 46:239–258

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group (2003) Revised indications for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity: results of the early treatment for retinopathy of prematurity randomized trial. Arch Ophthalmol 121:1684–1694

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. International Committee for the Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity (2005) The international classification of retinopathy of prematurity revisited. Arch Ophthalmol 123(7):991–999

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Valcamonico A, Accorsi P, Sanzeni C, Martelli P, La Boria P, Cavazza A, Frusca T (2007) Mid- and long-term outcome of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants: an analysis of prognostic factors. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 20(6):465–471

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Tommiska V, Heinonen K, Ikonen S, Kero P, Pokela M-L, Renlund M, Virtanen M, Fellman V (2001) A national short-term follow-up study of extremely low birth weight infants born in Finland in 1996–1997. Pediatrics 107:e2. doi:10.1542/peds.107.1.e2

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Fielder AR, Reynolds JD (2001) Retinopathy of prematurity: clinical aspects. Semin Neonatol 6:461–475

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Spencer Rand (2006) Long-term visual outcomes in extremely low-birth-weight children (an American ophthalmological society thesis). Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 104:493–516

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Martínez-Cruz CF, Salgado-Valladares M, Poblano A, Trinidad-Pérez MC (2012) Risk factors associated with retinopathy of prematurity and visual alterations in infants with extremely low birth weight. Rev Invest Clin 64(2):136–143

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Fortes Filho JB, Eckert GU, Procianoy L, Barros CK, Procianoy RS (2009) Incidence and risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity in very low and in extremely low birth weight infants in a unit-based approach in southern Brazil. Eye (Lond) 23(1):25–30

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Choo MM, Martin FJ, Theam LC, U-Teng C (2009) Retinopathy of prematurity in extremely low birth weight infants in Malaysia. J AAPOS 13(5):446–449

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Ali Nadir Ali Mohamed, George Joshua, Joshi Nayan, Chong Elizabeth (2013) Prevalence of retinopathy of prematurity in Brunei Darussalam. Int J Ophthalmol 6(3):381–384. doi:10.3980/J.ISSN.2222-3959.2013.03.23

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Fortes Filho JB, Borges Fortes BG, Tartarella MB, Procianoy RS (2013) Incidence and main risk factors for severe retinopathy of prematurity in infants weighing less than 1,000 g in Brazil. J Trop Pediatr 59(6):502–506. doi:10.1093/tropej/fmt036

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Li ML, Hsu SM, Chang YS, Shih MH, Lin YC, Lin CH, Tsai HJ, Tseng SH (2013) Retinopathy of prematurity in southern Taiwan: a 10-year tertiary medical center study. J Formos Med Assoc 112(8):445–453. doi:10.1016/j.jfma.2012.03.002

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Xiao DY, Branch DW, Karumanchi SA, Zhang J (2012) Preeclampsia and retinopathy of prematurity in preterm births. Pediatrics 130(1):101–107. doi:10.1542/peds.2011-38

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Johns KJ, Johns JA, Feman SS, Dodd DA (1991) Retinopathy of prematurity in infants with cyanotic congenital heart disease. Am J Dis Child 145(2):200–203

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Kalina RE, Hodson WA, Morgan BC (1972) Retrolental fibroplasia in a cyanotic infant. Pediatrics 50(5):765–768

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Polito A, Piga S, Cogo PE, Corchia C, Carnielli V, Da Frè M, Di Lallo D, Favia I, Gagliardi L, Macagno F, Miniaci S, Cuttini M (2013) Increased morbidity and mortality in very preterm/VLBW infants with congenital heart disease. Intensive Care Med 39(6):1104–1112. doi:10.1007/s00134-013-2887-y

  25. Englert JA, Saunders RA, Purohit D, Hulsey TC, Ebeling M (2001) The effect of anemia on retinopathy of prematurity in extremely low birth weight infants. J Perinatol 21(1):21–26

  26. Manzoni P, Farina D, Maestri A, Giovannozzi C, Leonessa ML, Arisio R, Gomirato G (2007) Mode of delivery and threshold retinopathy of prematurity in pre-term ELBW neonates. Acta Paediatr 96(2):221–226

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Shah VA, Yeo CL, Ling YL (2005) Incidence, risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity among very low birth weight infants in Singapore. Ann Acad Med Singapore 34:169–178

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Department of Ophthalmology, Caritas Medical Centre, 111 Wing Hong Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China

    Gordon S. K. Yau, Jacky W. Y. Lee, Victor T. Y. Tam, Benjamin C. Y. Chu & Can Y. F. Yuen

  2. Department of Applied Mathematics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China

    Catherine C. L. Liu

Authors
  1. Gordon S. K. Yau
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jacky W. Y. Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Victor T. Y. Tam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Catherine C. L. Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Benjamin C. Y. Chu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Can Y. F. Yuen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gordon S. K. Yau.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Yau, G.S.K., Lee, J.W.Y., Tam, V.T.Y. et al. Incidence and risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity in extreme low birth weight Chinese infants. Int Ophthalmol 35, 365–373 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-014-9956-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-014-9956-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation