Abstract
The aims of this study are to investigate the key role of Th1 and Th2 in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus (OLP) and to explore the possible association between OLP and immune balance of Th1/Th2 cells. We selected 35 patients diagnosed with OLP and 35 age- and sex-matched controls as subjects. The expressed level of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) and the characteristic cytokines of Th1 and Th2 were assayed in the serum of peripheral blood of the patients. The lesional tissue of the two groups was investigated with the methods of double immunofluorescence. The ratio of Th1/Th2 was evaluated, and the difference of the results between serum and lesional tissue was compared. Both IFN-γ and IL-4 levels increased in the serum and lesional tissue compared with those of the controls (P < 0.001, P = 0.030, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001) and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio of OLP patients, which increased significantly (P = 0.001 and P = 0.003). The difference between serum and lesional tissue was obviously insignificant (P = 0.982). Th1 cytokine predominance was proven in this research on Chinese subjects. Th1 cells may play leading roles on Th1/Th2 immune balance to pathogenesis of OLP.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Neurath, M.F., S. Finotto, and L.H. Glimcher. 2002. The role of Th1/Th2 polarization in mucosal immunity. Nature Medicine 8(6): 567–573.
Sugerman, P.B., and N.W. Savage. 2002. Oral lichen planus: causes, diagnosis and management. Australian Dental Journal 47(4): 290–297. doi:10.1111/j.1834-7819.2002.tb00540.x.
Rhodus, N.L., B. Cheng, and F. Ondrey. 2007. Th1/Th2 cytokine ratio in tissue transudates from patients with oral lichen planus. Mediators of Inflammation 2007: 19854. doi:10.1155/2007/19854.
Mosmann, T.R., H. Cherwinski, M.W. Bond, M.A. Giedlin, and R.L. Coffman. 1986. Two types of murine helper T cell clone. I. Definition according to profiles of lymphokine activities and secreted proteins. Journal Immunol 175(1): 5–14.
Constant, S.L., and K. Bottomly. 1997. Induction of Th1 and Th2 CD4+ T cell responses: the alternative approaches. Annual Review of Immunology 15: 297–322. doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.15.1.297.
Rengarajan, J., S.J. Szabo, and L.H. Glimcher. 2000. Transcriptional regulation of Th1/Th2 polarization. Immunology Today 21(10): 479–483. doi:10.1016/S0167-5699(00)01712-6.
Zhu, Jinfang, and William E. Paul. 2008. CD4 T cells: fates, functions, and faults. Blood 112: 1557–1569.
Cavalla, F., A.C. Araujo-Pires, C.C. Biguetti, and G.P. Garlet. 2014. Cytokine networks regulating inflammation and immune defense in the oral cavity. Curr Oral Health Rep 1: 104–113.
Gor, D.O., N.R. Rose, and N.S. Greenspan. 2003. TH1–TH2: a procrustean paradigm. Nature Immunology 4(6): 503–505. doi:10.1038/ni0603-503.
Hamzaoui, K., A. Hamzaoui, F. Guemira, M. Bessioud, M. Hamza, and K. Ayed. 2002. Cytokine profile in Behcet’s disease patients. Relationship with disease activity. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology 31(4): 205–210. doi:10.1080/030097402320318387.
Ramos-Casals, M., M. Garcia-Carrasco, R. Cervera, X. Filella, O. Trejo, G. de la Red, V. Gil, J.M. Sanchez-Tapias, J. Font, and M. Ingelmo. 2002. Th1/Th2 cytokine imbalance in patients with Sjogren syndrome secondary to hepatitis C virus infection. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism 32(1): 56–63. doi:10.1053/sarh.2002.33724.
Tao, X.A., C.Y. Li, N.L. Rhodus, J. Xia, X.P. Yang, and B. Cheng. 2008. Simultaneous detection of IFN-gamma and IL-4 in lesional tissues and whole unstimulated saliva from patients with oral lichen planus. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine 37(2): 83–87.
Zhang, Y., M. Lin, S. Zhang, Z. Wang, L. Jiang, J. Shen, J. Bai, F. Gao, M. Zhou, and Q. Chen. 2008. NF-kappaB-dependent cytokines in saliva and serum from patients with oral lichen planus: a study in an ethnic Chinese population. Cytokine 41(2): 144–149. doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2007.11.004.
Hirota, J., T. Osaki, and Y. Tatemoto. 1990. Immunohistochemical staining of infiltrates in oral lichen planus. Pathology Research and Practice 186(5): 625–632.
World Medical Association. (2008). In: The World Medical Association’s Declaration of Helsinki, ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. World Medical Association. Available via DIALOG. http://www.wma.net/en/30publications/10policies/b3/. Accessed 12 September 2014.
Lozada-Nur, F., and C. Miranda. 1997. Oral lichen planus: epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and associated diseases. Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 16(4): 273–277. doi:10.1016/S1085-5629(97)80016-8.
Pinlaor, S., N. Ma, Y. Hiraku, et al. 2004. Repeated infection with Opisthorchis viverrini induces accumulation of 8-nitroguanine and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanine in the bile duct of hamsters via inducible nitric oxide synthase. Carcinogenesis 25: 1535–1542.
Sugerman, P.B., N.W. Savage, L.J. Walsh, Z.Z. Zhao, X.J. Zhou, A. Khan, G.J. Seymour, and M. Bigby. 2002. The pathogenesis of oral lichen planus. Critical Reviews in Oral Biology and Medicine 13(4): 350–365. doi:10.1177/154411130201300405.
Neurath, M.F., S. Finotto, and L.H. Glimcher. 2002. The role of Th1/Th2 polarization in mucosal immunity. Nature Medicine 8(6): 567–573. doi:10.1038/nm0602-567.
Simark-Mattsson, C., G. Bergenholtz, M. Jontell, C. Eklund, G.J. Seymour, P.B. Sugerman, N.W. Savage, and U.I. Dahlgren. 1999. Distribution of interleukin-2, -4, -10, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and transforming growth factor-beta mRNAs in oral lichen planus. Archives of Oral Biology 44(6): 499–507. doi:10.1016/S0003-9969(99) 00013-8.
Sugerman, P.B., N.W. Savage, L.J. Walsh, and G.J. Seymour. 1993. Disease mechanisms in oral lichen planus. A possible role for autoimmunity. Australas Journal Dermatol 34: 63–69.
Dan, H., W. Liu, J. Wang, Z. Wang, R. Wu, Q. Chen, X. Zeng, and Y. Zhou. 2011. Elevated IL-10 concentrations in serum and saliva from patients with oral lichen planus. Quintessence International 42(2): 157–163.
Lukač, J., S. Brozović, V. Vučićević-Boras, M. Mravak-Stipetić, B. Malenica, and Z. Kusić. 2006. Serum autoantibodies to desmogleins 1 and 3 in patients with oral lichen planus. Croat Medical Journal 47: 53–58.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, Y., Zhou, J., Fu, S. et al. A Study of Association Between Oral Lichen Planus and Immune Balance of Th1/Th2 Cells. Inflammation 38, 1874–1879 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-015-0167-4
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-015-0167-4