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Regulation of Oxidative Stress in Patients with Kawasaki Disease

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Abstract

Although there is ample evidence that Kawasaki disease (KD) is associated with vascular inflammation, few studies have addressed the influence of oxidative stress. The goal of this study was to determine whether oxidative stress contributes to inflammation during KD, and also whether corticosteroid therapy can reduce oxidative stress. Serum reduced glutathione (sGSH) and serum thioredoxin (sTRX) were measured during KD to evaluate the phase-dependent change in the redox state in KD. Additionally, the efficacy of the therapies to reduce oxidative stress was assessed. The sGSH level significantly decreased post-intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). The sGSH level significantly increased during the convalescent phase. The sTRX level was significantly lower during the convalescent phase than that during the pre- and the post-IVIG. There was no difference in the sGSH and sTRX changes between the IVIG therapy and the IVIG + prednisolone (PSL) therapy, except for the convalescent phase in sTRX. Systemic inflammation in KD induces changes in the redox state, whereas the IVIG + PSL therapy did not show any remarkable change on oxidative stress in comparison to the IVIG therapy. Therapeutic intervention against oxidative stress might therefore be beneficial as adjunctive therapies for KD.

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Abbreviations

AP-1:

Activator protein 1

AST:

Aspartate aminotransferase

CAAs:

Coronary arteries abnormalities

CRP:

C-reactive protein

DTNB:

5–5,-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid

ELISA:

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

GSH:

Reduced glutathione

GSSG:

Oxidized GSH

H2O2 :

Superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide

IL-1:

Interleukin-1

IL-6:

Interleukin-6

IVIG:

Intravenous immunoglobulin

β-NADPH:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor-κB

Nrf2:

NF-E2-related factor 2

NTB:

2-Nitro-5-thiobenzoic acid

PSL:

Prednisolone

Redox:

Reduction–oxidation

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor-α

TRX:

Thioredoxin

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank Junying Wang, M.D., Mitsuyoshi Utsugi, M.D., Kunio Dobashi, M.D., Masatomo Mori, M.D., Ms. Tomoko Endo, and Ms. Chinori Iijima (Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan) for their valuable general scientific and technical support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan

    Kaori Sekine, Hiroyuki Mochizuki, Eisuke Suganuma & Shinichi Matsuda

  2. Department of Pediatrics, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan

    Yoshinari Inoue, Tohru Kobayashi & Hirokazu Arakawa

Authors
  1. Kaori Sekine
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  2. Hiroyuki Mochizuki
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  3. Yoshinari Inoue
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  4. Tohru Kobayashi
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  5. Eisuke Suganuma
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  6. Shinichi Matsuda
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  7. Hirokazu Arakawa
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kaori Sekine.

Additional information

Contribution of each author: Dr. Mochizuki and Dr. Kobayashi designed the study. Dr. Inoue, Dr. Kobayashi, and Dr. Arakawa collected data. Dr. Inoue, Dr. Sekine, Dr. Suganuma, and Dr. Matsuda analyzed the data. Dr. Sekine prepared the manuscript, with input from Dr. Mochizuki. The final manuscript has been read and approved by all authors.

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Sekine, K., Mochizuki, H., Inoue, Y. et al. Regulation of Oxidative Stress in Patients with Kawasaki Disease. Inflammation 35, 952–958 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-011-9398-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-011-9398-1

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