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Anti-inflammatory Activity of n-Propyl Gallate Through Down-regulation of NF-κB and JNK Pathways

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Abstract

The present study aimed to assess anti-inflammatory activity and underlying mechanism of n-propyl gallate, the n-propyl ester of gallic acid. n-Propyl gallate was shown to contain anti-inflammatory activity using two experimental animal models, acetic acid-induced permeability model in mice, and air pouch model in rats. It suppressed production of nitric oxide and induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. It was able to diminish reactive oxygen species level elevated in the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. It also suppressed gelatinolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 enhanced in the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. It inhibited inhibitory κB-α degradation and enhanced NF-κB promoter activity in the stimulated macrophage cells. It was able to suppress phosphorylation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1/2 (JNK1/2) and activation of c-Jun promoter activity in the stimulated macrophage cells. In brief, n-propyl gallate possesses anti-inflammatory activity via down-regulation of NF-κB and JNK pathways.

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Abbreviations

COX-2:

Cyclooxygenase-2

DCFH-DA:

2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate

DMEM:

Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium

IC50 :

Half maximal inhibitory concentration

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

MMP:

Matrix metalloproteinase

MTT:

3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide

NO:

Nitric oxide

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2009-0072536). We wish to acknowledge Ms. Hyun-Jung Kang for her technical assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, 140-742, South Korea

    Hyun-Joo Jung & Eun-Hee Park

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, South Korea

    Su-Jung Kim, Woo-Kwang Jeon, Byung-Chul Kim & Chang-Jin Lim

  3. Department of Health and Environment, Baekseok Culture University, Cheonan, 330-705, South Korea

    Kisup Ahn

  4. Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, South Korea

    Kyunghoon Kim

  5. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, South Korea

    Young-Myeong Kim

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  1. Hyun-Joo Jung
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Correspondence to Chang-Jin Lim.

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Jung, HJ., Kim, SJ., Jeon, WK. et al. Anti-inflammatory Activity of n-Propyl Gallate Through Down-regulation of NF-κB and JNK Pathways. Inflammation 34, 352–361 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-010-9241-0

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