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Phylogeography of eagle rays of the genus Aetobatus: Aetobatus narinari is restricted to the continental western Atlantic Ocean

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Abstract

The biogeography and conservation of elasmobranch species was increasingly addressed in the recent past, but the southwestern Atlantic Ocean fauna is still one of the least studied. Reliable delimitation of the distribution range of species is fundamental to conservation and development of fisheries management strategies. A recent molecular study of the cryptic Aetobatus narinari species complex restricted that species to western and eastern coasts of the New World. However, the current distribution of A. narinari and phylogenetic relationships within the genus Aetobatus have yet to be clarified, the goal of this phylogeographic analysis. Using mitochondrial and nuclear markers we investigated specimens from the Atlantic coast of Brazil and the Pacific coast of Mexico and related them to previously analyzed specimens from other regions. Our analysis indicates that Aetobatus narinari is present only in the western Atlantic, formed by a single genetic lineage that ranges between Florida and southeastern Brazil, while the Pacific New World lineage is in fact assigned to Aetobatus laticeps. Analysis of divergence times revealed that biogeographic events such as the closure of the Tethys Sea, the formation of the Benguela barrier, and the Isthmus of Panama played major roles in diversification and dispersal of the genus Aetobatus.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to CEPNOR, in the person of Alex Klautau, for providing infrastructure and access to the Brazilian North Coast fishery fleet, Franklin Solis Carbache from Ecuador for the images of A. laticeps, Priscila Araújo at UFPE for the images of A. narinari from Pernambuco, the fishers of the “Pro-fishery = fishing for knowledge” Project, for providing samples from southeastern Brazil, and CNPq for financial support through Project Number 474843/2013-0 Granted to Luis Fernando da Silva Rodrigues-Filho.

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  1. Laboratory of Lepidopterology and Integrated Ichthyology, Center of Advanced Biodiversity Studies (CEABIO), Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Perimetral da Ciência, km 01, PCT-Guamá, Terreno 11, Belém, PA, 66075-750, Brazil

    João Bráullio L. Sales & Jonathan Ready

  2. Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidade Federal do Pará, Marajó-Breves Campus, Breves, PA, 68800-000, Brazil

    João Bráullio L. Sales & Cintia Negrão de Oliveira

  3. Northern Brazilian Center of Fishery Research and Extension (CEPNOR), Universidade Federal Rural da Amazonia (UFRA), Avenida Perimetral s/n, Belem, PA, 66075-110, Brazil

    Wagner César Rosa dos Santos

  4. Zoological Collection, Universidade Santa Cecília (AZUSC-UNISANTA), Rua Oswaldo Cruz, 266, Boqueirão, Santos, SP, 11045-907, Brazil

    Matheus Marcos Rotundo

  5. Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Bioinformatics, UFPA-IECOS, Bragança Campus, Bragança, PA, 68600-000, Brazil

    Yrlene Ferreira & Iracilda Sampaio

  6. Laboratory of Fish Biology and Genetics, Botucatu Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brazil

    Claudio Oliveira & Vanessa P. Cruz

  7. Centro Regional de Investigación Pesquera - Ciudad del Carmen, Instituto Nacional de Pesca. sagarpa, Av. Héroes del 21 de Abril, Núm. 26, Col. Playa Norte. Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, CP 24100, Mexico

    Raul E. Lara-Mendoza

  8. Graduate Course in Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Capanema Campus, Capanema, PA, 68600-030, Brazil

    Luis Fernando da Silva Rodrigues-Filho

Authors
  1. João Bráullio L. Sales
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  2. Cintia Negrão de Oliveira
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  3. Wagner César Rosa dos Santos
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  4. Matheus Marcos Rotundo
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  5. Yrlene Ferreira
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  6. Jonathan Ready
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  7. Iracilda Sampaio
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  8. Claudio Oliveira
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  9. Vanessa P. Cruz
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  10. Raul E. Lara-Mendoza
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  11. Luis Fernando da Silva Rodrigues-Filho
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Correspondence to João Bráullio L. Sales.

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10750_2019_3949_MOESM1_ESM.jpg

Supplementary material 1 (JPEG 169 kb) Supplementary data S1: Species, codes used in the present study, origin of the samples, and original references for the sequences analyzed in this study. The codes for samples of the present study correspond to COI, Cytb and ITSII respectively

10750_2019_3949_MOESM2_ESM.docx

Supplementary material 2 (DOCX 18 kb) Supplementary data S2: Divergence time tree estimated from a strict clock analysis including all the calibration points used in the present analysis

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Sales, J.B.L., de Oliveira, C.N., dos Santos, W.C.R. et al. Phylogeography of eagle rays of the genus Aetobatus: Aetobatus narinari is restricted to the continental western Atlantic Ocean. Hydrobiologia 836, 169–183 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-019-3949-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-019-3949-0

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