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The modern distribution of chironomid sub-fossils (Insecta: Diptera) in Costa Rica and the development of a regional chironomid-based temperature inference model

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Abstract

Chironomids have been shown to provide robust reconstructions of past temperature change and variability. This is the first study to assess the contemporaneous relationship between the distribution of sub-fossil chironomids and limnological and climatic parameters in Central America. Here, we describe the distribution of chironomids in a suite of 51 lakes in Costa Rica. We identify environmental variables that account for a statistically significant amount of variance in midge distribution, and develop a quantitative chironomid-based inference model for mean annual air temperature (MAT). Psectrocladius, which is documented for the first time in Costa Rica, dominate high-elevation lakes characterized by low MAT and relatively dilute water. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed that MAT and conductivity account for large, statistically significant amounts of variance in the distribution of chironomids. A chironomid-based inference model for MAT, developed using a partial least squares approach, provided robust performance statistics with a high coefficient of determination and a relatively low root-mean square error. Application of the chironomid-based inference model for MAT to chironomid stratigraphies spanning the Holocene, together with the ecological information provided by this study, will enable us to address many outstanding questions relating to long-term climate and environmental change in the region.

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Acknowledgments

The collection of surface lake sediments and limnological data in Costa Rica was supported by grants to Sally P. Horn and Kurt A. Haberyan from the National Geographic Society, and to Sally P. Horn from The A.W. Mellon Foundation and the National Science Foundation (SES-9111588 and BCS-0242286). Gerardo Umaña, Ken Orvis, and Maureen Sánchez provided key field and logistical support. Additional support for travel and analyses was provided by an SEC Faculty travel grant awarded to David F. Porinchu.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geography, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30605, USA

    Jiaying Wu & David F. Porinchu

  2. Department of Geography, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA

    Sally P. Horn

  3. Department of Natural Sciences, Northwest Missouri State University, Maryville, MO, 64468, USA

    Kurt A. Haberyan

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  1. Jiaying Wu
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Wu, J., Porinchu, D.F., Horn, S.P. et al. The modern distribution of chironomid sub-fossils (Insecta: Diptera) in Costa Rica and the development of a regional chironomid-based temperature inference model. Hydrobiologia 742, 107–127 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-014-1970-x

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