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The Marine Biological Laboratory (Woods Hole) and the Scientific Advancement of Women in the Early 20th Century: The Example of Mary Jane Hogue (1883–1962)

  • Historiographic Essay
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Abstract

The Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) in Woods Hole, MA provided opportunities for women to conduct research in the late 19th and early 20th century at a time when many barriers existed to their pursuit of a scientific career. One woman who benefited from the welcoming environment at the MBL was Mary Jane Hogue. Her remarkable career as an experimental biologist spanned over 55 years. Hogue was born into a Quaker family in 1883 and received her undergraduate degree from Goucher College. She went to Germany to obtain an advanced degree, and her research at the University of Würzburg with Theodor Boveri resulted in her Ph.D. (1909). Although her research interests included experimental embryology, and the use of tissue culture to study a variety of cell types, she is considered foremost a protozoologist. Her extraordinary demonstration of chromidia (multiple fission) in the life history of a new species of Flabellula associated with diseased oyster beds is as important as it is ignored. We discuss Hogue’s career path and her science to highlight the importance of an informal network of teachers, research advisors, and other women scientists at the MBL all of whom contributed to her success as a woman scientist.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the late Lynn Margulis for her encouragement and enthusiasm for this manuscript and her willingness to review an earlier version. She was a self-proclaimed “Hogue fan, chromidia investigator and propagule-seeker” and we will miss her dearly. We also would like to thank John F. Alderete and Patricia Johnson for their comments on Hogue’s T. vaginalis research. We appreciate the aid we received from librarians at the many institutions with which Hogue was associated. We are particularly grateful to Helena Warburg, Head of the Schow Science Library and Alison O’Grady, Interlibrary Loan Supervisor at Williams College for their help and patience during the preparation of this manuscript. We are also indebted to Miss Marion Strode, Assistant Librarian of the Chester County Historical Society, West Chester, PA; Christiane Groeben, Curator of Historical Archives and the History of Science Unit at the Stazione Zoologica “Anton Dohrn,” Napoli; Crawford Keenan, The Alan Mason Chesney Medical Archives of The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore; Sydney Roby, Special Collections Librarian, Goucher College, Baltimore; Guenther E. Roth, Freie Universität, Berlin and Diane M. Rielinger, Co-Director of the MBLWHOI Library, Woods Hole, MA.

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  1. Department of Biology, Williams College, 59 Lab Campus Drive, Williamstown, MA, USA

    Steven J. Zottoli

  2. Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA

    Steven J. Zottoli & Ernst-August Seyfarth

  3. Institut für Zellbiologie und Neurowissenschaft, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 13A, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Ernst-August Seyfarth

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  1. Steven J. Zottoli
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  2. Ernst-August Seyfarth
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Correspondence to Steven J. Zottoli.

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Zottoli, S.J., Seyfarth, EA. The Marine Biological Laboratory (Woods Hole) and the Scientific Advancement of Women in the Early 20th Century: The Example of Mary Jane Hogue (1883–1962). J Hist Biol 48, 137–167 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10739-014-9384-1

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