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Antioxidant response and proteomic modulations in Indian mustard grown under salt stress

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Abstract

Productivity of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern. and Coss.) is markedly reduced by salt stress. To develop salt tolerance in this important oilseed crop is a need of the hour. This study, based on analysis of growth parameters and antioxidant profile of fourteen Indian mustard genotypes treated with 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM of sodium chloride, was performed to identify the salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant genotypes. Salinity stress inhibited biomass accumulation and reduced the protein and chlorophyll contents in a dose-dependent manner. The reduction was the highest in genotype Pusa Agrani and lowest in CS-54, depicting their contrasting sensitivity to salt stress. Salt treatments triggered a concentration-dependent overproduction of reactive-oxygen species and a concurrent upregulation of the expression of different antioxidants. Genotype CS-54 showed the least damage and maintained a high antioxidant level with almost each salt treatment, exhibiting its competence to withstand the damage provoked by salinity stress. Genotype Pusa Agrani, on the contrary, depicted a salt-sensitive nature by way of its very high lipid peroxidation and low intensity of antioxidants. These two genotypes were further investigated through gel-based proteomic approach, which resulted in the identification and quantification of 42 salinity-responsive proteins related to different metabolic modifications. Molecular processes, including photosynthesis, redox homeostasis, nitrogen metabolism, ATP synthesis, protein synthesis and degradation, signal transduction and respiratory pathways, have exhibited significant changes. The identified stress-responsive proteins could pave the way to develop salt tolerance in Indian mustard plant, thus sustaining its productivity under salinity.

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Acknowledgments

The first author is grateful to Hamdard National Foundation (HNF) New Delhi, India for granting a fellowship. The second author (A Ahmad) is now working at the Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.

Author contributions

P. Y. Yousuf conducted experimental research with the help of A. Ahmad and A. H. Ganie. Statistical analysis was done by O Sareer and V Krishnapriya. Data interpretation and MS preparation were done by M. Iqbal, A. Ahmad and I. M. Aref.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India

    Peerzada Yasir Yousuf, Altaf Ahmad, Arshid Hussain Ganie & Muhammad Iqbal

  2. Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India

    Ovais Sareer

  3. Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India

    Vengavasi Krishnapriya

  4. Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Post Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Ibrahim M. Aref

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  1. Peerzada Yasir Yousuf
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  2. Altaf Ahmad
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10725_2016_182_MOESM1_ESM.jpg

Fig. S1: Plants of salt-tolerant genotype (CS-54) grown under (a) control and (b) 200 mM NaCl treatment and salt-sensitive genotype Pusa Agrani grown under (c) control and (d) 200 mM NaCl treatment, at the time of sampling (JPEG 244 kb)

10725_2016_182_MOESM2_ESM.jpg

Fig. S2: (a) Clustering and (b) PCA analysis based on biomass of 14 different genotypes of Indian mustard grown under salt stress. Correlation matrix was used for PCA. Clustering was done using the Ward’s method of Squared Euclidean distance matrix. PCA and clustering of biomass clearly differentiate V2 and V5. Arrows for all traits are directed towards V5 indicating that it is indeed a tolerant variety, whereas V2 presents an opposite case indicating its salt-sensitive nature. Cluster dendrogram also reflects similar results (JPEG 1077 kb)

10725_2016_182_MOESM3_ESM.jpg

Fig. S3: PCA analysis of 14 different genotypes of Indian mustard under different salt treatments (a) T0 (b) T1 (c) T2 (d) T3 (e) T4, based on physiological and biochemical parameters. Percentage values given in brackets in the axis labels denote R2 values (JPEG 1586 kb)

10725_2016_182_MOESM4_ESM.jpg

Fig. S4: Spot images of five representative proteins differentially-expressed during different salt treatments in salt-sensitive (Pusa Agrani) and salt-tolerant (CS-54) genotypes of Indian mustard (JPEG 189 kb)

Table S1: Description of Brassica juncea genotypes used in the study (DOC 47 kb)

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Yousuf, P.Y., Ahmad, A., Ganie, A.H. et al. Antioxidant response and proteomic modulations in Indian mustard grown under salt stress. Plant Growth Regul 81, 31–50 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-016-0182-y

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