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Effect of photosynthetic photon flux density on growth, photosynthetic competence and antioxidant enzymes activity during ex vitro acclimatization of Dieffenbachia cultivars

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Abstract

The effects of 35, 70 and 100 µmol m−2 s−1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) were investigated on ex vitro acclimatization of micropropagated Dieffenbachia plants. Various growth characteristics, photosynthetic parameters and activities of antioxidant enzymes and dehydrins (DHN) were investigated. Fresh and dry plant biomass, plant height and root length were highest under the highest PPFD (100 µmol m−2 s−1), but this treatment was responsible for a reduction in the number of leaves. Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents and net photosynthesis were also optimal in plants grown under the highest irradiance. Stomatal resistance, transpiration rate and F v/F m values decreased with the incremental light irradiance. Activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were higher in the plants treated with 70 and 100 µmol m−2 s−1 PPFD. Accumulation of 55 kDa, 40 and 22 kDa DHN was observed in all light treatments. These results depict that lower PPFD (35 µmol m−2 s−1) was suitable for acclimatization of Dieffenbachia plants. High PPFD (>70 µmol m−2 s−1) induced accumulation of antioxidants and accumulation of DHN in the plants which reveals enhanced stress levels.

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Abbreviations

CAT:

Catalase

DHN:

Dehydrins

F v/F m :

Maximum quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry

GPX:

Glutathione peroxidase

PPFD:

Photosynthetic photon flux density

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

RT:

Room temperature

FW:

Fresh weight

DW:

Dry weight

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Acknowledgments

This project was supported by King Saud University, Deanship of Scientific Research, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, Agriculture Research Center. We would like to thank Prof. Timothy J. Close (Riverside University) for providing K-segment consensus peptide. We are also grateful to Angela Harrop (Plymouth University) for technical help.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafr El-Sheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt

    M. E. El-Mahrouk & Y. H. Dewir

  2. School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Environment, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, PL4 8AA, UK

    M. E. El-Mahrouk, H. Z. Rihan, H. S. Al-Shmgani & M. P. Fuller

  3. Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Y. H. Dewir

  4. Department of Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, India

    H. N. Murthy

  5. Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria

    H. Z. Rihan

  6. College of Education for Pure Science, Ibn Al-Haitham, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq

    H. S. Al-Shmgani

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  1. M. E. El-Mahrouk
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  2. Y. H. Dewir
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Correspondence to Y. H. Dewir.

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El-Mahrouk, M.E., Dewir, Y.H., Murthy, H.N. et al. Effect of photosynthetic photon flux density on growth, photosynthetic competence and antioxidant enzymes activity during ex vitro acclimatization of Dieffenbachia cultivars. Plant Growth Regul 79, 29–37 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-015-0106-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-015-0106-2

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