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Application of exogenous 24-epibrassinolide enhances proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in Vitis vinifera ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ berry skin

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Abstract

‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ (Vitis vinifera L.) grape berries were treated with 0.4 mg/l 24-epibrassinolide applied once at fruit set (‘pea-sized berry’ phenological stage) (EBR-T1) or the same concentration EBR applied twice at fruit set and 14 days before véraison (EBR-T2). Berries sprayed with deionized water served as the control. The contents of proanthocyanidins (PAs) in the berry skin and seed, and the expression patterns of structural genes (VvLAR1, VvLAR2, VvANR, and VvANS) and transcription regulator genes (VvMYB5a, VvMYB5b, and VvMYBPA1) of PAs in the berry skin were measured. At berry maturity, total tannins in the skin of EBR-T1- and EBR-T2-treated berries were significant higher than those in control. Monomeric and oligomeric flavan-3-ols showed different levels of promotion by 24-epibrassinolide during berry development. The mRNA levels of the structural genes VvLAR1, VvLAR2, and VvANS and the transcription regulator gene VvMYBPA1 were affected significantly by 24-epibrassinolide treatment, but the effects varied at different stages of berry development. Most of the targets measured showed no significant difference between the EBR-T1 and EBR-T2 treatments. Thus, in general, application of 24-epibrassinolide enhanced PAs biosynthesis in the berry skin.

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Abbreviations

ANR:

Anthocyanin reductase

ANS:

Anthocyanidin synthase

BRs:

Brassinosteroids

DAA:

Days after anthesis

EBR:

24-Epibrassinolide

LAR:

Leucoanthocyanin reductase

PAs:

Proanthocyanidins

RR:

Red ripe

TPC:

Total phenolics content

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the National Technology System for Grape Industry (CARS-30-zp-9), the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (2011JM3004) and the Scientific Research Programme of Northwest A&F University (QN2009059). The authors acknowledge and thank these institutions for funding and Dr. Zhenwen Zhang for providing us advice and assistance.

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Author notes

  1. Zhu-mei Xi

    Present address: College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Rd., Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Rd., Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China

    Fan Xu, Xiang Gao, Hui Zhang, Xiao-qin Peng, Zhi-zhen Wang, Tian-min Wang & Ying Meng

  2. Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Yangling, 712100, People’s Republic of China

    Zhu-mei Xi

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  1. Fan Xu
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Correspondence to Zhu-mei Xi.

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Fan Xu and Xiang Gao have contributed equally to this work.

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Xu, F., Gao, X., Xi, Zm. et al. Application of exogenous 24-epibrassinolide enhances proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in Vitis vinifera ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ berry skin. Plant Growth Regul 75, 741–750 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-014-9976-y

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