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Genetic diversity and population structure analysis of Emmenopterys henryi Oliv., an endangered relic species endemic to China

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Abstract

A simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker was used to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of an endangered relic species Emmenopterys henryi Oliv., endemic to China. A total of 124 samples from six populations were analyzed using eight pairs of SSR primers. Total 114 alleles were detected with an average of 14.3 alleles per locus. The presence of null alleles can result in low genetic diversity parameters (He and allelic richness) for all loci and mostly likely caused the deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). The Polymorphism information content (PIC) values were higher which indicates that selection of SSR markers were suitable choice for assessing the genetic diversity in E. henryi. Our results revealed that the natural populations of E. henryi have a high degree of genetic diversity. Genetic diversity amongst the six E. henryi populations in decreasing order were: GJY > LS > DWS > WYS > HS > JGS. Further, genetic structure and the Neighbor-Joining (NJ) cluster analysis indicated that there were cross-mixing among the 124 samples. Four populations (i.e., HS, DWS, JGS and WYS) were clustered in one group, whereas LS and GJY population were clustered separately as two groups. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) also showed a similar clustering trend. The results of Fst (0.085) and AMOVA indicated that the genetic variation resided within the populations and existence of frequent gene exchanges among populations. Based on these results, populations with abundant genetic variation and rare alleles should be conserved in situ and ex situ. Furthermore, seeds from the different populations with high levels of genetic diversity could be collected and propagated in order to capture the maximum available genetic diversity. The present study on genetic diversity of E.henryi could be helpful in expanding the understanding on species survival and also for developing an effective long term conservation strategy.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31460078), Natural Science Foundation Project of Jiangxi Province (20122BAB214031), Major National Science & Technology Specific Projects of China (2013FY11150-2-3) and Key Ministry Projects of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KFJ-3 W-N01). We are also very grateful to Dr. Syd Ramdhani Srinivasan, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN),South Africa, for his critical revision of a final version of themanuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chinese Academy of Science, Lushan Botanical Garden, Jiangxi, 332900, China

    Yanli Niu, Arvind Bhatt, Yansong Peng, Xuanhuai Zhan, Zhiyong Zhang, Wan Hu, Manzhen Song & Zhijun Yu

  2. Key Lab of Horticultural Plant Biology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China

    Wenxing Chen

  3. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Pomology Research Instituts, Xingcheng, 25100, China

    Yuan Gao

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  1. Yanli Niu
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  2. Arvind Bhatt
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  4. Wenxing Chen
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  5. Yuan Gao
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  6. Xuanhuai Zhan
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  7. Zhiyong Zhang
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  8. Wan Hu
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  9. Manzhen Song
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  10. Zhijun Yu
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Contributions

YL Niu conceived and designed the experiment; YS Peng, XH Zhan,Y Gao, ZY Zhang and W Hu performed the experiments; WX Chen, AB, MZ Song and ZJ Yu analyzed the data; YL Niu, WX Chen, MZ Song, ZJ Yu and AB wrote the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Yanli Niu.

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Niu, Y., Bhatt, A., Peng, Y. et al. Genetic diversity and population structure analysis of Emmenopterys henryi Oliv., an endangered relic species endemic to China. Genet Resour Crop Evol 68, 1135–1148 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-020-01054-8

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