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Intergeneric hybridization between Hippolytia kaschgarica (Krascheninnikov) Poljakov and Nipponanthemum nipponicum (Franch. ex Maxim.) Kitam.

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Abstract

An intergeneric hybrid between Hippolytia kaschgarica (maternal plant) and Nipponanthemum nipponicum (paternal plant) was produced without emasculation for the first time. This proves a close relationship between Hippolytia and Nipponanthemum, once again. The hybrids could be identified by nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences and morphological characteristics. The composition of the hybrid capitulum was a mix between both parents. It was basically similar to the maternal plant (Hippolytia) with yellow (actinomorphic) tubular florets, but supplemented with 5–13 white tetramerous, or pentamerous tubular florets bursting out in the outer whirl, being more distinctive and bigger. Instead of ligulate white ray florets of the paternal plant (Nipponanthemum), they were tubular (actinomorphic). The same phenomenon recently appeared in the intergeneric hybrid between Cancrinia maximowiczii (tubular) and the interspecific hybrid of Chrysanthemum naktongense × Chrysanthemum ×morifolium ‘Aifen’ (ligulate, daisy-like). The shape of the achenes of our new hybrid is quite similar to that of the paternal parent with pappus of separate unequal subulate scales, or awns. In the maternal parent, pappus is absent. Similarly to the referred intergeneric hybrid, this new viable hybrid might be used as bridge for breeding multi-generic hybrids within the Compositae tribe Anthemideae. Since the molecular mechanism behind the novel phenotype of the new hybrid has not been explored in Chrysanthemum, this is discussed here with recent findings in Senecio, Gerbera and Helianthus. One of the CYCLOIDEA-like genes that control floral symmetry, CYC2c is required for zygomorphy in normal ligulate ray florets. In novel intergeneric hybrids, ray florets remain actinomorphic (tubular), however. Some causes are tackled.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Prof. Guangyuan Rao, Prof. Conglin Huang, Dr. Xiaoxin Wei and Dr. Chang Luo for their excellent technical support; Dr Yousheng Chen for providing the material of Hippolytia kennedyi; Mr. Jaap Spaargaren for his rewriting on this paper; and anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by National “Twelfth Five-Year” Plan for Science & Technology Support (Grant No. 2012BAD01B07).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Haidian, Beijing, 100083, People’s Republic of China

    Ge Hong, Xiaobo Wu, Fei Xie & Huien Zhao

  2. National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Haidian, Beijing, 100083, People’s Republic of China

    Ge Hong, Xiaobo Wu, Fei Xie & Huien Zhao

  3. College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Haidian, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

    Ge Hong, Xiaobo Wu, Fei Xie & Huien Zhao

  4. State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Haidian, Beijing, 100093, People’s Republic of China

    Yucheng Liu

  5. College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, People’s Republic of China

    Zhaohui Liu

  6. Institute of Breeding of Beijing Summer Chrysanthemum, Shunyi, Beijing, 101300, People’s Republic of China

    Wenchao Liu

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  1. Ge Hong
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Correspondence to Huien Zhao.

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Hong, G., Wu, X., Liu, Y. et al. Intergeneric hybridization between Hippolytia kaschgarica (Krascheninnikov) Poljakov and Nipponanthemum nipponicum (Franch. ex Maxim.) Kitam.. Genet Resour Crop Evol 62, 255–263 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-014-0150-1

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