Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Overview of a Graduate Course Delivered in Turkey, Emphasizing Solar-Terrestrial Physics and Space Weather

  • Published:
Surveys in Geophysics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Space physics is a young discipline in Turkey. Since 1970 various national near-Earth space research activities and several international collaborations have been conducted in Turkey and some of these are continuing. In May 2004 a four-week Graduate Course on “Space and Atmospheric Physics I and II” was held at the Tübitak Feza Gürsey Institute in Istanbul, Turkey. This paper explains the background behind this initiative, and gives an introduction to the topics that were covered during the course, especially emphasizing how solar-terrestrial physics is applied to space weather. During the course the students, in parallel with the lectures delivered, performed projects based on the curriculum, and using information available on the Internet and in the literature. A resumé of their results concerning the well-known “space weather” event at the end of 2003 is given.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Andrews, D. G.: 2000, An Introduction to Atmospheric Physics, Cambridge University Press, 229pp

  • D. N. Baker (1998) ArticleTitleWhat is Space Weather? Adv. Space Res. 22 IssueID1 7–16 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0273-1177(97)01095-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D. N. Baker (2000) ArticleTitleEffects of the Sun on the Earth’s Environment J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. 62 1669–1681 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00119-X

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D. N. Baker S. G. Kanekal X. Li S. P. Monk J. Goldstein J. L. Burch (2004) ArticleTitleAn Extreme Distortion of the Van Allen Belt Arising from the ‘Hallowe’en’ Solar Storm in 2003 Nature 432 878–881 Occurrence Handle10.1038/nature03116

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • L. P. Barbieri R. E. Mahmot (2004) ArticleTitleOctober–November 2003’s Space Weather and Operations Lessons Learned Space Weather Quarter 2 15–29

    Google Scholar 

  • W. H. Barlow (1849) ArticleTitleOn the Spontaneous Electrical Currents Observed in Wires of the Electric Telegraph Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London 139 61–72

    Google Scholar 

  • A. H. Bilge Y. K. Tulunay (1997) ArticleTitleSpectral Analysis of Geomagnetic Data from Kandilli Observatory, Istanbul Ann. Geofis. 40 1591–1598

    Google Scholar 

  • A. H. Bilge E. Mizrahi Y. Tulunay (2002) ArticleTitleVariations of the Feedback Coefficient with R12 and the Geographic Latitude in 1-hour Ahead Forecast of foF2 Ann. Geofis. 45 87–95

    Google Scholar 

  • L. Bolduc (2002) ArticleTitleGIC Observations and Studies in the Hydro-Québec Power System J. Atmos Sol.-Terr. Phys. 64 IssueID16 1793–1802 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1364-6826(02)00128-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • R. M. Bonnet A. Pauluhn (2004) ArticleTitleRecent Progress and Future Prospects in Solar Physics, and their Relevance for Planet Earth Surv. Geophys. 25 371–440 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s10712-004-7184-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D. H. Boteler R. Pirjola H. Nevanlinna (1998) ArticleTitleThe Effects of Geomagnetic Disturbances on Electrical Systems at the Earth’s Surface Adv. Space Res. 22 IssueID1 17–27 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0273-1177(97)01096-X

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carlowicz, M. and Lopez, R.: 2002, Storms from the Sun: The Emerging Science of Space Weather, National Academies Press, 220pp

  • Daglis, I.A. (ed.): 2001, Space Storms and Space Weather Hazards, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 482pp

  • C. J. Davis M. N. Wild M. Lockwood Y. K. Tulunay (1997) ArticleTitleIonospheric and Geomagnetic Responses to Changes in IMF B z: A Superposed Epoch Study Ann. Geophys. 15 217–230

    Google Scholar 

  • EU Council Directive 96/29/EURATOM of 13 May 1996, Official Journal of the European Communities 39, L159, 1–114, Article 42 (June 1996).

  • Freeman, J. W.: 2001, Storms in Space, Cambridge University Press, 139pp

  • A. J. Gibson U. M. Yılmaz Y. Tulunay C.B. Erol A. Özgüç T. Ataç (1995) ArticleTitleCharacteristics of Fading of HF Signal and Noise Intensities on Three Paths between the UK and Turkey Radio Sci. 30 649–658 Occurrence Handle10.1029/94RS03174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glover, A., Hilgers A., Daly, E., and Marsden, R.: 2003, ‘Tomorrow’s Space Weather Forecast?’, ESA Bulletin, No. 114, May 2003. Available at: <http://www.estec.esa.nl/wmwww/wma/spweather/MISCELLANEOUS /tomorrow_space_weather.pdf>

  • Gombosi, T. I.: 1998, Physics of the Space Environment, Cambridge University Press, 339pp

  • J. M. Grebowsky N. C. Maynard Y. K. Tulunay L. J. Lanzerotti (1976) ArticleTitleCoincident Observations of Ionospheric Troughs and the Equatorial Plasmapause Planet. Space Sci. 24 1177–1185 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0032-0633(76)90039-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D.-P. Häder T. Dachev (2003) ArticleTitleMeasurements of Solar and Cosmic Radiation during Spaceflight Surv. Geophys. 24 229–246 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1024894902891

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hanslmeier, A.: 2002, The Sun and Space Weather, Astrophysics and Space Science Library, Vol. 277, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 256pp

  • A. Hanslmeier (2003) ArticleTitle‘Space Weather – Effects of Radiation on Manned Space Missions’ Hvar Obs. Bull 27 159–170

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmes-Siedle, A. and Adams, L.: 2002, Handbook of Radiation Effects, Oxford University Press, 614pp

  • Houghton, J. T.: 2002, The Physics of Atmospheres, Cambridge University Press, 320pp

  • Hundhausen, A. J.: 1972, Coronal Expansion and Solar Wind, Springer-Verlag, 238pp

  • Jones, J. B. L., Bentley, R. D., Hunter, R., Iles, R. H. A., Taylor, G. C., and Thomas, D. J.: 2001,‘The Practical Issues of Utilising a European Space Weather Programme for Airline Operations’, Proceedings of ESA Space Weather Workshop, ESA WPP-194. Available at:<http://esa-spaceweather.net/spweather/workshops /SPW_W3/PROCEEDINGS_W3/Bryns_ESA_SWW3_Paper.pdf>.

  • Kivelson, M. G. and Russell C. T.: 1995, Introduction to Space Physics, Cambridge University Press, 586pp

  • Koskinen, H. and Pulkkinen, T.: 1998, ‘State of the Art of Space Weather Modelling and Proposed ESA Strategy’, ESA contract No.11974/96/NL/JG(SC), SPEE-WP310-TN. Available at: <http://www.estec.esa.nl/wmwww/wma/External/reports/sw/wp310_tn. pdf>.

  • Miroshnichenko, L.: 2003,Radiation Hazard in Space, Astrophysics and Space Science Library, Vol. 297, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 248pp

  • E. Mizrahi A. H. Bilge Y. Tulunay (2002) ArticleTitleStatistical Properties of the Deviations of foF2 from Monthly Madians Ann. Geofis. 45 131–143

    Google Scholar 

  • A. Nishida Y. K. Tulunay F. S. Mozer C. A. Catell E. W. Hones SuffixJr. C. T. Russell (1983) ArticleTitleElectric Field Evidence for Tailward Flow at Substorm Onset J. Geophys. Res. 88 9109–9113 Occurrence Handle10.1029/JA088iA11p09109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • NOAA NWS Service Assessment: 2004, Intense Space Weather Storms October 19–November 07, 2003, U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service, Silver Spring, MD. Available at: <http://sec.noaa.gov/AboutSEC/SWstorms_assessment.pdf>

  • A. Özgüç T. Ataç Y. Tulunay I. Stanislawska (1998) ArticleTitleThe Ionospheric foF2 Data over Istanbul and their Response to Solar Activity for the Years 1964–1969 and 1993 Studia Geoph. Geod. 42 112–118 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1023348802826

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • R. Pirjola (1998) ArticleTitleModelling the Electric and Magnetic Fields at the Earth’s Surface due to an Auroral Electrojet J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. 60 1139–1148 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1364-6826(98)00070-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rycroft, M. J.: 2003, ‘The Earth’s Environment and Space’, in M. Davies (ed.), The Standard Handbook for Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineers, McGraw-Hill, pp. 16.0–16.23.

  • Scherer, K., Fichtner, H., Heber, B., and Mall, U. (eds.): 2005, Space Weather: The Physics Behind a Slogan, Lecture Notes in Physics, Vol. 656, 297pp.

  • Sevgi, L., Akleman, F. and Tulunay, Y.: 1999, ‘Stochastic Modelling of Radio Wave Propagation through Earth-tropospheric Ducts’, Proceedings of the 4th COST 251 Workshop ‘The Impact of the Upper Atmosphere on Terrestrial and Earth-Space Communications’, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal, April 1999, Ed: A. Vernon, Printed at the CLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, 0III, 0QX, UK, ve COST 251 TD(99) 004 (Technical Document).

  • Song, P., Singer, H. J., and Siscoe, G. L. (eds.): 2001, Space Weather, American Geophysical Union, 440pp.

  • Tascione, T. F.: 1988, Introduction to the Space Environment, Orbit Book Company, 151pp.

  • A. C. Tribble (1995) The Space Environment: Implications for Spacecraft Design Princeton University Press Princeton, New Jersey 204pp

    Google Scholar 

  • E. Tulunay Y. Tulunay C. Ozkaptan E. T. Şenalp M. Aydoğdu O. Özcan E. Güzel A. Yeşil İ. Ünal M. Canyılmaz E. İpekçioğlu (2002) ArticleTitleTwo Solar Eclipse Observations in Turkey Il Nuovo Cimento 25 251–258

    Google Scholar 

  • Y. K. Tulunay (1973) ArticleTitleGlobal Electron Density Distributions from the Ariel- 3 Satellite at Mid-Latitudes During Quiet Magnetic Periods J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 35 233–254 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0021-9169(73)90090-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tulunay, Y.: 1993, Turkish TEC data from measurements in Ankara (Poster paper), Workshop on “PRIME Studies With Emphasis On TEC and Topside Modelling”, COST 238/PRIME, Graz, Austria, May 10–14. And Paper Presented at the NATO ASI on Dynamical and Chemical Coupling of Netural and Ionized Atmosphere, 11–22 April 1997, Norway.

  • Y. Tulunay (1996) ArticleTitleInterplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) and its Possible Effects on the Mid-latitude Ionosphere: III Ann. Geofis. 39 853–862

    Google Scholar 

  • Tulunay, Y. K.: 2001, Effect of Upper Atmosphere on Terrestrial and Earth Communications: Near Earth Space in Turkey since 1960’s, Quaderni di Geofisica, n. 15, Ed: Ljiliana Cander and Bruno Zolesi, pp. 81–88, ISSN 1590–2595, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia.

  • Y. K. Tulunay A. R. W. Hughes (1973) ArticleTitleA Satellite Study of the Mid-latitude Trough in Electron Density and VLF Radio Emissions During the Magnetic Storm of 25–27 May 1967 J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 35 153–163 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0021-9169(73)90223-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Y. Tulunay I. Stanislawska H. Rothkaehl (2003) ArticleTitleRevisiting the Ariel Trough Work for HF Telecommunication Purposes Cosmic Res. J. 41 1–13 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1022373310727

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Y. Tulunay E. Tulunay E. T. Senalp (2004a) ArticleTitleThe Neural Network Technique-1: A General Exposition Adv. Space Res. 33 IssueID6 983–987 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.asr.2003.06.008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Y. Tulunay E. Tulunay E. T. Senalp (2004b) ArticleTitleThe Neural Network Technique-2: An Ionospheric Example to Illustrate the Application of an Neural Network Based Model Adv. Space Res. 33 IssueID6 988–992 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.asr.2003.06.015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, R. ed.: 1996, Foundations of Solar Particle Event Risk Management Strategies, in Findings of the Risk Management Workshop for Solar Particle Events, publication NASA Grant NAGW-4166, ANSER, Arlington, VA, USA. Figure available at <http://www.windows.ucar.edu/spaceweather/flare_dose.html>

  • Wang, H. and Xu, R.: 2002, ‘Solar-Terrestrial Magnetic Activity and Space Environment’, Proceedings of the COSPAR Colloquium on Solar-Terrestrial Magnetic Activity and Space Environment, Elsevier Science Ltd., 462pp.

  • Wilson, J. W., Shinn, J. L., Simonsen, L. C., Cucinotta, F. A., Dubey, R. R., Jordan, W. R., Jone, T. D., Chang, C. K. and Kim, M. Y.: 1997, ‘Exposures to Solar particle Events in Deep Space Missions’, NASA Technical Paper 3668. http://techreports.larc.nasa.gov/ltrs/PDF/1997/tp/NASA-97-tp3668.pdf

  • J. W. Wilson F. A. Cucinotta J. L. Shinn L. C. Simonsen R. R. Dubey W. R. Jordan T. D. Jones C. K. Chang M. Y. Kim (1999) ArticleTitle‘Shielding from solar particle event exposure in deep space’ Radiation Measurements 30 361–380 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1350-4487(99)00063-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, Jr., J. M., Lennon, T. J., Corell, R. W., Ostenso, N. A., Huntress, Jr., W. T., Devine, J. F., Crowley, P., and Harrison, J. B.: 1995, The National Space Weather Program, The Strategic Plan., Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research, FCM-P30-1995, Washington DC, USA, August 1995, 18pp.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to N. B. Crosby.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Crosby, N.B., Rycroft, M.J. & Tulunay, Y. Overview of a Graduate Course Delivered in Turkey, Emphasizing Solar-Terrestrial Physics and Space Weather. Surv Geophys 27, 319–364 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-005-6204-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-005-6204-3

Keywords

Navigation