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A controlled-release fertilizer improved soil fertility but not olive tree performance

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Abstract

The use of a controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) was studied in a traditional rainfed olive grove in a Mediterranean climate where precipitation is very irregular, particularly in the spring. The objective of the study was to assess whether a CRF can improve the olive tree's performance compared to a conventional nitrogen (N) fertilizer (CF), by supplying N gradually and reducing the risk of potential N loss from leaching. The fertilized treatments showed better plant N nutritional status, which resulted in enhanced net photosynthesis and higher leaf concentrations of total soluble sugars, chlorophylls and soluble proteins which, in turn, increased olive yield by 43% in comparison to the unfertilized control. However, in general, no significant differences were found between fertilized treatments in the performance parameters of the trees evaluated, including olive yield. Somewhat unexpectedly, CRF consistently increased the soil organic carbon (C) (29%), kjeldahl-N (75%) and easily extractable glomalin-related soil proteins (EE-GRSP) (60%) and total GRSP (T-GRSP) (122%) compared to the CF. The result was ascribed to a stimulus on the development of herbaceous vegetation and eventually on the activity of the roots of the trees due to the higher soil inorganic-N availability in the autumn. Thus, some soil inorganic-N in the autumn seems to comprise a low risk of leaching, since weeds act as a catch crop and convert this inorganic N into an organic substrate, with potential benefits in the long-term for the agro-system.

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Funding

Doctoral fellowship under the Doctoral Program “Agricultural Production Chains—from fork to farm” (PD/00122/2012) provided by the FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology to E. Silva (PD/BD/128274/2017). This research was funded by the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and FEDER under Programme PT2020 for financial support to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020) and CITAB (UIDB/04033/2020). The research was integrated in the activities of the Operational Group “Novas práticas em olivais de sequeiro: estratégias de mitigação e adaptação às alterações climáticas”, funded by PT2020 and EAFRD (European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Centre for the Research and Technology, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal

    Ermelinda Silva, Alexandre Gonçalves, Sandra Martins, Luis Pinto, Cátia Brito, José Moutinho-Pereira & Carlos M. Correia

  2. Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Sta Apolónia, 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal

    Margarida Arrobas, Alexandre Gonçalves, Soraia Raimundo, Luis Pinto & M. Ângelo Rodrigues

  3. Collaborative Laboratory Mountains of Research, Brigantia Ecopark, 5300-358, Bragança, Portugal

    Alexandre Gonçalves & Luis Pinto

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  1. Ermelinda Silva
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  2. Margarida Arrobas
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  3. Alexandre Gonçalves
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  10. M. Ângelo Rodrigues
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Correspondence to M. Ângelo Rodrigues.

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Silva, E., Arrobas, M., Gonçalves, A. et al. A controlled-release fertilizer improved soil fertility but not olive tree performance. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst 120, 1–15 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-021-10134-9

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