Abstract
Variability of soil fertility within, and across farms, poses a major challenge for increasing crop productivity in smallholder systems of sub-Saharan Africa. This study assessed the effect of farmers’ resource endowment and nutrient management strategies on variability in soil fertility and plant nutrient uptake between different fields in Gokwe South (ave. rainfall ~650 mm year−1; 16.3 persons km−2) and Murewa (ave. rainfall ~850 mm year−1; 44.1 persons km−2) districts, Zimbabwe. In Murewa, resource-endowed farmers applied manure (>3.5 t ha−1 year−1) on fields closest to their homesteads (homefields) and none to fields further away (outfields). In Gokwe the manure was not targeted to any particular field, and farmers quickly abandoned outfields and opened up new fields further way from the homestead once fertility had declined, but homefields were continually cultivated. Soil available P was higher in homefields (8–13 mg kg−1) of resource-endowed farmers than on outfields and all fields on resource constrained farms (2–6 mg kg−1) in Murewa. Soil fertility decreased with increasing distance from the homestead in Murewa while the reverse trend occurred in Gokwe South, indicating the impact of different soil fertility management strategies on spatial soil fertility gradients. In both districts, maize showed deficiency of N and P, implying that these were the most limiting nutrients. It was concluded that besides farmers’ access to resources, the direction of soil fertility gradients also depends on agro-ecological conditions which influence resource management strategies.
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Acknowledgments
AFRICARE-Zimbabwe and the Regional Universities Forum (RUFORUM) provided funding for this work. We are grateful to the farmers in Gokwe South and Murewa districts for their cooperation, the Department of Agricultural Technical and Extension Services (AGRITEX) in Gokwe South District for facilitating this study, and Francis Dzvene for field assistance in Murewa District.
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Masvaya, E.N., Nyamangara, J., Nyawasha, R.W. et al. Effect of farmer management strategies on spatial variability of soil fertility and crop nutrient uptake in contrasting agro-ecological zones in Zimbabwe. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst 88, 111–120 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-009-9262-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-009-9262-y