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Effects of different manuring systems with and without biogas digestion on nitrogen cycle and crop yield in mixed organic dairy farming systems

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Abstract

Field trials were carried out between 2002 and 2005 to investigate the effects of biogas digestion in a mixed organic dairy farming system with arable land and grassland on nutrient cycling, nitrogen (N) uptake and crop yields within a cropping system comprising a whole crop rotation. Five treatments were carried out: (i) solid farmyard manure, (ii) undigested liquid slurry, (iii) digested liquid slurry, (iv) digestion of liquid slurry and field residues such as crop residues and cover crops, and (v) similar to iv, but with additional N inputs at the equivalent of 40 kg N ha−1 farmland through digestion of purchased substrates. The term “manure” is used in the present study to mean all kind of aboveground organic residues left on the field (“immobile manures”, such as crop residues and green manures incorporated directly into the soil) or added as stable wastes or effluents of biogas digestion (“mobile manures”). The total aboveground biomass growth and the overall aboveground N uptake of non-legume maincrops were higher in the liquid slurry manure treatment than in the solid farmyard manure system (+5% and +9%, respectively). The digestion of the liquid slurry increased N uptake and crop yields only after soil incorporation of the slurry shortly after field spreading. The additional collection and digestion of field residues such as cover crops and crop residues, combined with a reallocation of the effluents, strongly increased the amounts of “mobile” manure, allowing a more focussed allocation of the available N. This led to an increase in the aboveground N uptake (+12%) and biomass yield (+4%) of the five non-legume crops, due to a better adapted allocation of nutrients in space and time. Results obtained with spring wheat showed that removal of cover crops in autumn, and their digestion, combined with subsequent use as manure in spring resulted in a better synchronisation of the crop N demand and the soil N availability, in comparison with a strategy where the biomass was left on the field as green (immobile) manure. The inclusion of external substrates led to a further increase of 8% in N uptake, but not to a significant increase in aboveground dry matter yields.

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Abbreviations

CC:

Cover crop

CrRo:

Crop rotation

CR:

Crop residues such as straw

DM:

Dry matter

FM:

Fresh matter, fresh weight

MV:

Mean value

N:

Nitrogen

NUE:

N use efficiency

P:

Phosphorus

SMN:

Soil mineral N

FYM:

Soil farmyard manure

US:

Liquid undigested slurry

DS:

Liquid digested slurry

DS + FR:

Digestion of slurry and field residues

DS + FER:

Digestion of slurry, field residues and external substrates

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Acknowledgement

The authors wish to thank Elke Christ, Stefanie Schmiegel, Heinrich Heberlein, Theo DeZeeuw, Harald Schmidt, Diedrich Steffens, Franz Schulz and Doris Franz for many useful discussions and provided technical assistance. This research was supported by the “Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt”.

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  1. Professur für Organischen Landbau, Justus Liebig-Universität Giessen, Karl Glöckner Str. 21c, 35394, Giessen, Germany

    Kurt Möller, Walter Stinner, Arno Deuker & Günter Leithold

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  1. Kurt Möller
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  2. Walter Stinner
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Correspondence to Kurt Möller.

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Möller, K., Stinner, W., Deuker, A. et al. Effects of different manuring systems with and without biogas digestion on nitrogen cycle and crop yield in mixed organic dairy farming systems. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst 82, 209–232 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-008-9196-9

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