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Silymarin inhibits adipogenesis in the adipocytes in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus in vitro and in vivo

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Abstract

In this study, two experiments were performed to explore the function of silymarin in adipogenesis in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) using in vitro and in vivo models. In experiment 1, differentiated grass carp pre-adipocytes were treated with silymarin for 6 days. Treatment with 100 μg mL−1silymarin (SM100 group) significantly reduced triglyceride accumulation at day 6. The adipogenic gene expression levels of PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP1c, FAS, SCD1, and LPL, and the protein expression level of PPARγ were significantly down-regulated in the SM100 group. Additionally, the SM100 group had significantly lower reactive oxygen species production and reduced glutathione contents compared with the control in vitro. In experiment 2, the juvenile grass carp (mean body weight= 27.4 ± 0.17 g) were fed six isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets in a factorial design containing 0, 100, or 200 mg kg−1 silymarin (SM0, SM100, SM200) associated with either 4 or 8% lipid levels (low lipid, LL, and high lipid, HL, respectively) for 82 days. The results demonstrated that dietary silymarin supplementation significantly reduced the elevated intraperitoneal fat index in grass carp fed with high-lipid diets, and the gene expression of adipogenesis (PPARγ, FAS) when supplemented with dietary silymarin was notably lower than when no silymarin was supplemented under the high-lipid diets. Thus, our data suggest that silymarin suppressed lipid accumulation in grass carp both in vitro and in vivo, and the effect might be due to an influence on the expression of adipogenesis factors and ROS production partly associated with effects on antioxidant capability.

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Abbreviations

BSA:

Bovine serum albumin

C/EBPα:

CCAAT enhancer-binding protein-α

DCFH-DA:

2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate

DMEM:

Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium

DMSO:

Dimethyl sulfoxide

FAS:

Fatty acid synthase

FBW:

Final average body weight

GSH:

Reduced glutathione

HL:

High lipid

IPF:

Intraperitoneal fat

IPFI:

Intraperitoneal fat index

LL:

Low lipid

LPL:

Lipoprotein lipase

PBS:

Phosphate-buffered saline

PPARγ:

Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SCD-1:

Stearoyl-CoA desaturases 1

SM:

Silymarin

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

SREBP-1c:

Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c

TG:

Triglyceride

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Acknowledgments

Financial support was provided by the Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System (No. CARS-46-17) and the fund of Beijing Sunpu Biochem. Tech. Co., Ltd., China. Thanks are also due to H.J. Chen, X.C. Shi, C. X. Lei, and A. Jin for their assistance in the study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, People’s Republic of China

    Peizhen Xiao, Zhou Yang, Jian Sun, Jingjing Tian, Zhiguang Chang, Xuexian Li & Hong Ji

  2. Open Lab for Aquatic Animal Nutrition, Beijing Research Institute for Nutritional Resources, Beijing, 100069, People’s Republic of China

    Baotong Zhang

  3. Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition of Jiangsu Province, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Soochow, 215123, People’s Republic of China

    Yuantu Ye

  4. Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, People’s Republic of China

    Ermeng Yu & Jun Xie

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  1. Peizhen Xiao
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  2. Zhou Yang
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  3. Jian Sun
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Correspondence to Hong Ji.

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Xiao, P., Yang, Z., Sun, J. et al. Silymarin inhibits adipogenesis in the adipocytes in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus in vitro and in vivo. Fish Physiol Biochem 43, 1487–1500 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-017-0387-7

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