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Residents’ willingness-to-pay for watershed conservation program facilitating ecosystem services in Begnas watershed, Nepal

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Abstract

Residents’ willingness-to-pay for watershed conservation plays a crucial role in developing sustainable market-based ecological protection strategies. The main objective of this study was to assess local residents’ willingness-to-pay for the protection and conservation of the Begnas watershed ecosystem services, which was estimated using a contingent valuation method. Particularly, the study assessed the factors that affect the residents' willingness-to-pay using the Heckit model generating knowledge crucial to design watershed conservation programs and market-based protection strategies. The total willingness-to-pay was worth of $203,598.15 year−1, and the average annual willingness-to-pay of a household (US$ 33.95) indicated the high importance of Begnas watershed conservation. Likewise, the results from econometric modeling showed a positive relationship between factors, namely gender (male resident), household size, education level, occupation (tourism and agriculture), income, and landholding size with the residents' decision to pay for the watershed conservation. These findings imply that a public-funded watershed conservation program is feasible in the Begnas watershed. Further, local resident participation in the program is seen increased because of the potential improvement in watershed ecosystem services, which are directly related to their livelihoods.

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The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.

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Acknowledgements

Heartfelt gratitude to Beijing Forestry University for providing us a platform to conduct this research. A special thank goes to Santosh Paudel and Pratikshya Dahal from Institute of Forestry (IOF), Pokhara, Nepal, for their assistance during data collection. We would also like to thank our language editor, Carolina Rodriguez for insightful feedbacks and corrections.

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This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Economics and Management, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China

    Shivaraj Thapa & Subina Shrestha

  2. Department of Forestry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, USA

    Ram Kumar Adhikari

  3. Institute of Forestry Pokhara Campus, Tribhuvan University, Pokhara, Nepal

    Suman Bhattarai, Deepa Paudel & Deepak Gautam

  4. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resource, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA

    Anil Koirala

  5. Beijing Forestry University, Haidian district, Beijing, 100083, China

    Shivaraj Thapa

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For research, S.T. collected and organized all the data. The data were analyzed by S.T and R.K.A. and guided by S.B. who also helped in conceptualization this research. S.S, D.P, D.G., and A.K advised the process of writing the paper and also contributed to revise the manuscript. All authors contributed to writing the manuscript and agreed to submit to Environment, Development and Sustainability journal for publication.

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Thapa, S., Shrestha, S., Adhikari, R.K. et al. Residents’ willingness-to-pay for watershed conservation program facilitating ecosystem services in Begnas watershed, Nepal. Environ Dev Sustain 24, 7811–7832 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01759-5

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