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The relationship between PM10 and meteorological variables in the mega city Istanbul

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Abstract

PM10, one of the air pollutants, occurs regularly in İstanbul during the winter months, namely in December, January, and February. PM10 pollutant is affected by numerous factors. Among these factors are various meteorological variables and climatological factors. This article aims to determine the relationship between PM10 and meteorological variables (wind speed, wind direction, temperature, and relative humidity) and to interpret these results. PM10 and meteorological data were examined between 2011 and 2018. To determine the relationship, multiple linear regression, Pearson’s correlation coefficient (PCC), Spearman’s rank correlation, Kendall Tau correlation, autocorrelation function (ACF), cross-correlation function (CCF), and visuals were determined using the R program (open-air) packages. In the study, the relationship between wind, temperature, and relative humidity with PM10 was determined, and it was observed that the PM10 concentration was maximum between January and February. PM10 concentrations have a positive relationship with relative humidity and wind direction, while a negative relationship with wind speed and temperature was observed. The correlation values for relative humidity and temperature were found to be 0.01 and − 0.15, respectively. Furthermore, the relationship between wind speed and PM10 was calculated from multiple linear regression model, and the estimated value was − 0.12 while looking at the wind direction value, it was approximately 0.03.

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Data availability

The datasets supporting the conclusions of this article are included within the article and its additional files. Also, all data publicly available online at http://sim.csb.gov.tr/SERVICES/airquality and https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/request/download.phtml.

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Acknowledgements

We thank to the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, who supported the PM10 data, and Mahmut Doğan, who helped during the data transfer. Also, we thank to Associate Professor Barış Önol for helping with the visualization of the data and Dr. Huseyin Ozdemir and Dr. Özkan Çapraz for their valuable comments. Moreover, we thank the editor and reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions.

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  1. Department of Meteorological Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey

    Enes Birinci, Ali Deniz & Emrah Tuncay Özdemir

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  1. Enes Birinci
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Contributions

In the study, all authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. EB and ETÖ wrote the first draft of the manuscript, and all authors checked the manuscript and made additions and corrections. EB performed the visualization and calculations on the computer. Then, ETÖ and AD interpreted graphics and visuals. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Conceptualization: EB, ETÖ, AD; Methodology: EB; Formal analysis and investigation: ETÖ, AD; Writing Original draft preparation: EB, ETÖ; Writing—review and editing: EB, ETÖ, AD; Supervision: ETÖ, AD.

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Correspondence to Enes Birinci.

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Birinci, E., Deniz, A. & Özdemir, E.T. The relationship between PM10 and meteorological variables in the mega city Istanbul. Environ Monit Assess 195, 304 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-10866-3

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