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Exopolysaccharides and indole-3-acetic acid producing Bacillus safensis strain FN13 potential candidate for phytostabilization of heavy metals

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Abstract

Microbial population of soils irrigated with industrial wastewater may contain certain exopolysaccharides (EPS) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) producing bacterial strains having the ability to tolerate heavy metals along with plant growth–promoting (PGP) traits. As cadmium is one of the most toxic heavy metals for soils, plants, animals, and human beings, the present study was planned to isolate and characterize EPS- and IAA-producing, Cd-tolerant bacterial strains having tolerance against heavy metals along with plant growth–promoting traits. A total of 30 rhizobacterial strains (FN1–FN30) were isolated from rhizosphere soil collected from fields around industrial areas and roadsides irrigated with industrial wastewater. Out of these, eight isolates with the combined ability of IAA production and EPS production were characterized for PGP traits. On the basis of multifarious PGP traits and the results of root colonization assay, three most efficient EPS- and IAA-producing, Cd-tolerant plant growth–promoting strains, i.e., FN13, FN14, and FN16, were selected for multiple metal (Cd, Pb, Ni, and Cu) tolerance test along with quantification of growth, and IAA and EPS production abilities under Cd stress. Increasing levels of Cd stress negatively affected the tested characteristics of these strains, but FN13 showed more stability in growth, IAA production (18.24 μg mL−1), and EPS production (148.99 μg mL−1) compared to other strains under Cd stress. The morphological and biochemical analysis confirmed FN13 as Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria with smooth colonies of yellow appearance. The strain FN13 has strong root colonization (3.36 × 106 CFU g−1) ability for mustard seedlings and can solubilize Zn and phosphate along with the production of HCN, ammonia, and siderophores. The 16S rRNA sequencing confirmed it as the Bacillus safensis strain FN13. It can be explored as potential phytostabilizing biofertilizer for heavy metal–contaminated soils.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the research facilities provided by the Soil Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Soil Science, the Islamia University of Bahawalpur. The first author also acknowledges the Department of Agriculture (Research), Government of the Punjab, for the grant of study leave to complete the PhD degree from the Islamia University of Bahawalpur.

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The authors insured that the data, figures, and tables presented in manuscript are transparent, comply with field standards, and were never published before. The original data are available and will be provided on author’s request. Relevant data is submitted on the NCBI website and accession no. (MT229105) included in the text.

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  1. Department of Soil Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan

    Farheen Nazli, Moazzam Jamil & Azhar Hussain

  2. Department of Forestry, Range and Wildlife Management, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan

    Tanveer Hussain

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Nazli, F., Jamil, M., Hussain, A. et al. Exopolysaccharides and indole-3-acetic acid producing Bacillus safensis strain FN13 potential candidate for phytostabilization of heavy metals. Environ Monit Assess 192, 738 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-020-08715-2

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