Abstract
The development of regional or local maximum permissible concentration (MPC) for a pollutant in the soil requires the field or laboratory simulation of pollution. The experimental design should include the control (uncontaminated soil with the background concentration of the pollutant) and at least three treatments with different pollutant concentrations in the range between 2 and 10 background values. Experiments are performed in at least three replicates. Soil samples are taken 30 days after contamination. In each soil sample, six biological parameters are determined: total bacterial abundance, Azotobacter abundance, catalase activity, dehydrogenase activity, cellulolytic activity, and radish root length. Analyses are made in at least six replicates. From these biological parameters, the integrated biological index (IBI) of soil is calculated. For this purpose, the value of each parameter in the uncontaminated soil is taken as 100%, and its values in the contaminated soils are expressed as percentages. The mean values of six parameters for the contaminated treatments are determined. The obtained IBI values are expressed in percentages of the background. Then, a regression equation describing the decrease in IBI values as a function of pollutant concentration in the soil is derived. The pollutant concentration corresponding to the IBI decrease by 10% of the control, which indicates a disturbance of the holistic biogeocenotic functions of soil, is calculated from this equation.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Dobrovolsky, G., & Nikitin, E. (1990). Functions of soils in the biosphere and ecosystems (ecological value of soils). Moscow: Nauka (in Russian).
Kabata-Pendias, A. (2010). Trace elements in soils and plants (4th ed.). Boca Raton: Crc Press.
Kazeev, K., & Kolesnikov, S. (2012). Biodiagnostics soil: methodology and research methods. Rostov-on-Don: Southern Federal University (in Russian).
Kolesnikov, S. I., & Kazeev, K. S. (2011). Rationing of chemical contamination of soils on the degree of distortion of their ecological functions. Ekologiya i Promyshlennost’ Rossii, 11, 56–59.
Kolesnikov, S., Kazeev, K., & Valkov, V. (2002). Ecological functions of soils and the effect of contamination with heavy metals. Eurasian Soil Science, 35(12), 1335–1340.
Kolesnikov, S. I., Evreinova, A. V., Kazeev, K. S., & Val’kov, V. F. (2009). Changes in the ecological and biological properties of ordinary chernozems polluted by heavy metals of the second hazard class (Mo, Co, Cr, and Ni). Eurasian Soil Science, 42(8), 936–942.
Kolesnikov, S. I., Aznaurian, D. K., Kazeev, K. S., & Val’kov, V. F. (2010a). Biological properties of south Russian soils: tolerance to oil pollution. Russian Journal of Ecology, 41(4), 398–404.
Kolesnikov, S. I., Tlekhas, Z. R., Kazeev, K. S., Rotina, E. N., & Valkov, V. F. (2010b). Effect of contamination with heavy metals and oil on the biological properties of leached vertic chernozem. Agrokhimiya, 7, 62–67.
Kolesnikov, S. I., Tatlok, R. K., Tlekhas, Z. R., Kazeev, K. S., Denisova, T. V., & Dadenko, E. V. (2013a). Biodiagnostics of the resistance of highland and mountain soils in the Western Caucasus to pollution with crude oil and oil products. Russian Agricultural Sciences, 39(2), 151–156.
Kolesnikov, S. I., Tlekhas, Z. R., Tatlok, R. K., & Kazeev, K. S. (2013b). Evaluation of resistance of mountain meadow subalpine soils of the Caucasus to pollution with heavy metals, crude oil and oil products by biological indicators. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 16(8), 1088–1093.
Kolesnikov, S. I., Tlekhas, Z. R., Tatlok, R. K., & Kazeev, K. S. (2013c). Evaluation of resistance of mountain meadow subalpine soils of the Caucasus to pollution with heavy metals, crude oil and oil products by biological indicators. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 16(8), 1088–1093.
Kolesnikov, S., Zharkova, M., Kazeev, K., Kutuzova, I., Samokhvalova, L., Naleta, E., & Zubkov, D. (2014a). Ecotoxicity assessment of heavy metals and crude oil based on biological characteristics of chernozem. Russian Journal of Ecology, 45(3), 157–166.
Kolesnikov, S. I., Kazeev, K. S., Tatlok, R. K., Tlekhas, Z. R., Denisova, T. V., & Dadenko, E. V. (2014b). Biodiagnostics of the resistance of brown forest soils in Western Caucasus to the contamination with heavy metals, oil, and oil products. Sibirskii Ekologicheskii Zhurnal, 3, 493–500.
Kolesnikov, S. I., Kazeev, K. S., Tatlok, D. R., & Akimenko, Y. V. (2016a). Biological conditions of the brown forest soils of the western Caucasus at pollution by cadmium, zinc, molybdenum and selenium. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, 7(5), 684–689.
Kolesnikov, S. I., Kuzina, A. A., Kazeev, K. S., Evstegneeva, N. A., & Akimenko, Y. V. (2016b). Assessment of resistance of brown forest sour soils of the black sea coast of the Caucasus to the chemical pollution. Ecology, Environment and Conservation, 22(3), 519–523.
Kolesnikov, S. I., Kuzina, A. A., Vernigora, N. A., Kazeev, K. S., & Akimenko, Y. V. (2016c). Effect of contamination with oil and heavy metals on the biological properties of zheltozem. Agrokhimiya, 11, 58–64.
Kolesnikov, S. I., Kyzina, A. A., Kazeev, K. S., Akimenko, Y. V., Kozun, Y. S., Myasnikova, M. A., & Lubentsova, D. V. (2016d). Assessment of stability of sod-calcareous typical soils of the black sea coast of the Caucasus to chemical pollution. Russian Agricultural Sciences, 6, 455–459.
Kolesnikov, S. I., Petrova, N. A., Kazeev, K. S., Vernigorova, N. A., Minkina, T. M., Sushkova, S. N., & Akimenko, Y. V. (2016e). The resistance evaluation of dry subtropics brown soils to heavy metal and oil contamination by biological indicators. American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 11(3), 110–116.
Kolesnikov S.I., Vernigorova N.A., Kazeev K.Sh., Kapralova O.A., Akimenko Yu.V., (2016f) Ecological and biological condition of residual carbonate chernozems of Crimea steppes in terms of pollution with heavy metals and oil. In: 16th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM 2016. Conference Proceedings, June 28–July 6, 2016, Book 5, Vol. 1, pp. 263–270.
Sheudzhen, A.Kh. (2003). Biogeochemistry. Adygeya, Maikop (in Russian).
Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry Methods (1991). In D.G. Zvyagintsev (Ed.), Moscow: Mosk. Gos. Univ., pp. 304.
Vodyanitsky, Y. (2012). Standards for the contents of heavy metals and metalloids in soils. Eurasian Soil Science, 45(3), 321–328.
Funding
The work was supported in part by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (5.5735.2017/8.9) and the State Program for Leading Scientific Schools of the Russian Federation (NSh-3464.2018.11).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kolesnikov, S.I., Kazeev, K.S. & Akimenko, Y.V. Development of regional standards for pollutants in the soil using biological parameters. Environ Monit Assess 191, 544 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7718-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7718-3