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Tropical soils cultivated with tomato: fractionation and speciation of Al

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Abstract

Soil acidity and the associated problems of aluminum (Al) toxicity and scarce exchangeable bases are typically the most important limiting factors of agricultural yield in wet tropical regions. The goals of this study were to test how soil lime rates affect the forms and distribution of Al in the soil fractions and how different levels of bioavailable Al affect two tomato genotypes grown in wet tropical soils. The tomato genotypes CNPH 0082 and Calabash Rouge were grown in two wet tropical soils in a greenhouse. Soil lime rates of 0, 560, and 2240 mg kg−1 soil (clay soil) and 0, 280, and 1120 mg kg−1 soil (sandy soil) were applied to modify Al concentrations. Dry mass production and Al concentrations were determined in shoots and roots. Al was fractionated in the soil, and the soil solution was speciated after cultivation. The Calabash Rouge genotype possesses mechanisms to tolerate Al3+, absorbed less Al, exhibited smaller reduction in growth, and lower Al concentrations in plant parts than the CNPH 0082. Increased soil pH reduced the exchangeable Al fraction and increased the fraction mainly linked to organic matter. Al in the soil in the form of complexes with organic compounds and Al(SO4)+ (at the highest lime rate) did not affect plant development. Soil acidity can be easily neutralized by liming the soil, which transforms toxic Al3+ in the soil into forms that do not harm tomato plants, thereby avoiding oxidative stress in the plants. Al-induced stress in tomatoes varies with genotypes and soil type.

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Acknowledgments

This work was funded by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP, grants number 2009/54676-0 and 2011/23019-3). We thank Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (R.A.A and F.A.M) and FAPESP (R.C.N) for the fellowships and scholarship granted, respectively.

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The authors have declared that no competing interest exists.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, 13418-900, Brazil

    Roberta Corrêa Nogueirol & Ricardo Antunes Azevedo

  2. Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, 13418-900, Brazil

    Francisco Antonio Monteiro

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  1. Roberta Corrêa Nogueirol
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Correspondence to Ricardo Antunes Azevedo.

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Nogueirol, R.C., Monteiro, F.A. & Azevedo, R.A. Tropical soils cultivated with tomato: fractionation and speciation of Al. Environ Monit Assess 187, 160 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4366-0

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