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Chemical and biological recovery from acid deposition within the Honnedaga Lake watershed, New York, USA

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Abstract

Honnedaga Lake in the Adirondack region of New York has sustained a heritage brook trout population despite decades of atmospheric acid deposition. Detrimental impacts from acid deposition were observed from 1920 to 1960 with the sequential loss of acid-sensitive fishes, leaving only brook trout extant in the lake. Open-lake trap net catches of brook trout declined for two decades into the late 1970s, when brook trout were considered extirpated from the lake but persisted in tributary refuges. Amendments to the Clean Air Act in 1990 mandated reductions in sulfate and nitrogen oxide emissions. By 2000, brook trout had re-colonized the lake coincident with reductions in surface-water sulfate, nitrate, and inorganic monomeric aluminum. No changes have been observed in surface-water acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC) or calcium concentration. Observed increases in chlorophyll a and decreases in water clarity reflect an increase in phytoplankton abundance. The zooplankton community exhibits low species richness, with a scarcity of acid-sensitive Daphnia and dominance by acid-tolerant copepods. Trap net surveys indicate that relative abundance of adult brook trout population has significantly increased since the 1970s. Brook trout are absent in 65 % of tributaries that are chronically acidified with ANC of <0 μeq/L and toxic aluminum levels (>2 μmol/L). Given the current conditions, a slow recovery of chemistry and biota is expected in Honnedaga Lake and its tributaries. We are exploring the potential to accelerate the recovery of brook trout abundance in Honnedaga Lake through lime applications to chronically and episodically acidified tributaries.

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Acknowledgements

Assistance in the field and laboratory was provided by Cornell University staff and students including B. Weidel, S. Krueger, A. Barbato, T. Treska, M. Compton, I. Kiraly, E. Camp, L. Resseguie, M. Pepper, A. Garcia, J. Harris, and numerous other personnel. The Adirondack League Club provided access to Honnedaga Lake and member Peter Grose organized the weekly collection of tributary water samples in the summers 2008 to 2010. Funding for this project was provided by the Adirondack League Club and the Adirondack Fishery Research Fund. Chemical analysis of water samples collected from 2000 to 2011 were analyzed by the Darrin Fresh Water Institute Keck Water Quality Laboratory and the US Geological Survey Water Science Center both located in Troy, NY. G. Lawrence provided comments on an earlier version of this paper.

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  1. Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-3001, USA

    Daniel C. Josephson, Kurt J. Jirka & Clifford E. Kraft

  2. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, MD, 20688, USA

    Jason M. Robinson

  3. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alpena Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office, Waterford Substation, Waterford, MI, 4832, USA

    Justin Chiotti

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  1. Daniel C. Josephson
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Correspondence to Daniel C. Josephson.

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Josephson, D.C., Robinson, J.M., Chiotti, J. et al. Chemical and biological recovery from acid deposition within the Honnedaga Lake watershed, New York, USA. Environ Monit Assess 186, 4391–4409 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-3706-9

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