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Coupling of solvent-based de-emulsification dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction with high performance liquid chromatography for simultaneous simple and rapid trace monitoring of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid

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Abstract

A simple, rapid, and efficient sample pretreatment technique, based on solvent-based de-emulsification dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (SD-DLLME), followed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been developed for simultaneous preconcentration and trace detection of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) in water and urine samples. Some parameters such as acidity of solution, the amount of salt, type, and volume of extraction solvents, type of disperser/de-emulsifier solvent, and its volume were investigated and optimized. Under optimum extraction conditions, the limits of detections (LODs) of this method for MCPA and 2,4-D were 0.2 and 0.6 μg L−1 (based on 3Sb/m) in water and 0.4 and 1.6 μg L−1 in urine, respectively. Furthermore, dynamic linear range of this method for MCPA and 2,4-D was 1–300 and 2–400 μg L−1, repectively. Finally, the applicability of the proposed method was evaluated by extraction and determination of the herbicides in urine and different water samples.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Tehran, 1983963113, Iran

    Mohammad Behbahani, Fatemeh Najafi, Parmoon Ghareh Hassanlou & Akbar Bagheri

  2. Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran

    Saman Bagheri

  3. Faculty of Chemistry, Kharazmi (Tarbiat Moallem) University, Tehran, Iran

    Majid Kalate Bojdi

Authors
  1. Mohammad Behbahani
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  2. Fatemeh Najafi
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  3. Saman Bagheri
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  4. Majid Kalate Bojdi
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  5. Parmoon Ghareh Hassanlou
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  6. Akbar Bagheri
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Correspondence to Akbar Bagheri.

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Behbahani, M., Najafi, F., Bagheri, S. et al. Coupling of solvent-based de-emulsification dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction with high performance liquid chromatography for simultaneous simple and rapid trace monitoring of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid. Environ Monit Assess 186, 2609–2618 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3564-x

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