Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Accumulations and temporal trends of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in olive tree components

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Environmental Geochemistry and Health Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, ambient air samples, olive tree branches (1- and 2-year-old) and their leaves (particulate and dissolved phase) were collected simultaneously between January and December months at a suburban site of Bursa-Turkey. Total polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations, sampled by employing passive air samplers, ranged from 0.03 to 0.08 ng/m3 in the atmosphere. The average annual total PCB concentrations belonging to the tree components were 1.14 ± 0.32 ng/g DM in dissolved phase in leaves, 0.71 ± 0.32 ng/g DM in particle phase on leaves, 1.06 ± 0.25 ng/g DM in 1-year-old branches, and 0.93 ± 0.23 ng/g DM in 2-year-old branches. It was determined that the correlation between PCB concentrations in olive tree components and the air was low. This result indicated that besides the tree-air exchange, other possible factors (such as soil-to-tree transitions, wind effect, etc.) affect the levels of PCB concentrations in the tree components. Total PCB concentrations decreased from summer to winter in all samples. The percentage ratio of PCB in the dissolved phase in the leaves was generally higher than other tree components in seasons. PCB homologous distributions indicated 5-CBs were dominant in the tree components and 3-CBs were dominant in the air samples. Highly chlorinated PCB congeners (8-CBs and 9-CBs) were found at low concentrations in both air and tree components samples. The samples indicated that the ratio of PCBs in tree components to the total (tree component+ambient air) PCBs slightly increased with increasing the chlorine number.

Graphic abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

Availability of data and material

Not applicable.

Code availability

Not applicable.

References

  • Al Dine, E. J., Mokbel, H., Elmoll, A., Massemin, S., Vuilleumier, S., Toufaily, J., Hanieh, T., & Millet, M. (2015). Concomitant evaluation of atmospheric levels of polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Strasbourg (France) using pine needle passive samplers. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22, 17850–17859.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ancona, V., Caracciolo, A. B., Grenni, P., Di Lenola, M., Campanale, C., Calabrese, A., Uricchio, V. F., Mascolo, G., & Massacci, A. (2017). Plant-assisted bioremediation of a historically PCB and heavy metal-contaminated area in Southern Italy. New Biotechnology, 38, 65–73.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Atmaca, E., Das, Y. K., Yavuz, O., & Aksoy, A. (2019). An evaluation of the levels of organochlorine compounds (OCPs and PCBs) in cultured freshwater and wild sea fish eggs as an exposure biomarker for environmental contamination. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26, 7005–7012.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • BAIG. (2014). 2013 Bursa Agricultural Investment Guide (BAIG). T. C. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock. Agricultural Investor Advisory Office. http://www.tarim.gov.tr/SGB/TARYAT/Belgeler/il_yatirim_rehberleri/bursa.pdf

  • Barber, J. L., Thomas, G. O., Kerstiens, G., & Jones, K. C. (2004). Current issues and uncertainties in the measurement and modelling of air-vegetation exchange and within-plant processing of POPs. Environmental Pollution, 128, 99–138.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bartrons, M., Catalan, J., & Penuelas, J. (2016). Spatial and temporal trends of organic pollutants in vegetation from remote and rural areas. Scientific Reports, 6, 1–10.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bauer, H., & Schonherr, J. (1992). Determination of mobilities of organic-compounds in plant cuticles and correlation with molar volumes. Pesticide Science, 35, 1–11.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Birgul, A., Kurt-Karakus, P. B., Alegria, H., Gungormus, E., Celik, H., Cicek, T., & Guven, E. C. (2017). Polyurethane foam (PUF) disk passive samplers derived polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) concentrations in the ambient air of Bursa-Turkey: Spatial and temporal variations and health risk assessment. Chemosphere, 168, 1345–1355.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Birgul, A., & Tasdemir, Y. (2012). Determination of the sampler type and rainfall effect on the deposition fluxes of the polychlorinated biphenyls. The Scientific World Journal, 2012,  798020, 1–10.

  • Bozlaker, A., Odabasi, M., & Muezzinoglu, A. (2008). Dry deposition and soil-air gas exchange of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in an industrial area. Environmental Pollution, 156, 784–793.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Breivik, K., Sweetman, A., Pacyna, J. M., & Jones, K. C. (2007). Towards a global historical emission inventory for selected PCB congeners – A mass balance approach-3. An Update. Science of the Total Environment, 377, 296–307.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bruckmann, P., Hiester, E., Klees, M., & Zetzsch, C. (2013). Trends of PCDD/F and PCB concentrations and depositions in ambient air in Northwestern Germany. Chemosphere, 93, 1471–1478.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buehler, S. S., Basu, I., & Hites, R. A. (2001). A comparison of PAH, PCB, and pesticide concentrations in air at two rural sites on Lake Superior. Environmental Science and Technology, 35, 2417–2422.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caliskan, B., Bükler, B., S. S., Cindoruk, & Tasdemir, Y. (2018). Investigation of PCB (Polychlorinated Biphenyl) and PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) accumulations in pine tree components in the surroundings of treatment plant. International water and environment congress (22–24 March 2018) Bursa, Turkey.

  • Cetin, B., Yatkin, S., Bayram, A., & Odabasi, M. (2007). Ambient concentrations and source apportionment of PCBs and trace elements around an industrial area in Izmir, Turkey. Chemosphere, 69, 1267–1277.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chaemfa, C., Barber, J. L., Kim, K. S., Harner, T., & Jones, K. C. (2009). Further studies on the uptake of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) by polyurethane foam disk passive air samplers. Atmospheric Environment, 43, 3843–3849.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cindoruk, S., Sakin, A. E., & Tasdemir, Y. (2020a). Levels of persistent organic pollutants in pine tree components and ambient air. Environmental Pollution, 256, 1–10.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cindoruk, S. S., Esen, F., & Tasdemir, Y. (2007). Concentration and gas/particle partitioning of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at an industrial site at Bursa, Turkey. Atmospheric Research, 85, 338–350.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cindoruk, S. S., Esen, F., Vardar, N., & Tasdemir, Y. (2008). Measurement of atmospheric deposition of polychlorinated biphenyls and their dry deposition velocities in an urban/industrial site in Turkey. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 43, 1252–1260.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cindoruk, S. S., Sakin, A. E., & Tasdemir, Y. (2020b). Levels of persistent organic pollutants in pine tree components and ambient air. Environmental Pollution, 256, 113418.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cindoruk, S. S., & Tasdemir, Y. (2007a). Characterization of gas/particle concentrations and partitioning of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) measured in an urban site of Turkey. Environmental Pollution, 148, 325–333.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cindoruk, S. S., & Tasdemir, Y. (2007b). Deposition of atmospheric particulate PCBs in suburban site of Turkey. Atmospheric Research, 85, 300–309.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cindoruk, S. S., & Tasdemir, Y. (2008). Atmospheric gas and particle phase concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in a suburban site of Bursa, Turkey. Environmental Forensics, 9, 153–165.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cindoruk, S. S., & Tasdemir, Y. (2010). Dynamics of atmospheric polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): Concentrations, patterns, partitioning, and dry deposition level estimations in a residential site of Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 162, 67–80.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cipro, C. V. Z., Yogui, G. T., Bustamante, P., Taniguchi, S., Sericano, J. L., & Montone, R. C. (2011). Organic pollutants and their correlation with stable isotopes in vegetation from King George Island, Antarctica. Chemosphere, 85, 393–398.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Climent, M. J., Coscolla, C., Lopez, A., Barra, R., & Urrutia, R. (2019). Legacy and current-use pesticides (CUPs) in the atmosphere of a rural area in central Chile, using passive air samplers. Science of the Total Environment, 662, 646–654.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crucello, J., Pierone, D. V., & Hantao, L. W. (2020). Simple and cost-effective determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in insulating oils using an ionic liquid-based stationary phase and flow modulated comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Journal of Chromatography A, 1610, 460530.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Diefenbacher, P. S., Gerecke, A. C., Bogdal, C., & Hungerbuhler, K. (2016). Spatial distribution of atmospheric PCBs in Zurich, Switzerland: Do joint sealants still matter? Environmental Science and Technology, 50, 232–239.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dominguez-Morueco, N., Carvalho, M., Sierra, J., Schuhmacher, M., Domingo, J. L., Ratola, N., & Nadal, M. (2018). Multi-component determination of atmospheric semi-volatile organic compounds in soils and vegetation from Tarragona County, Catalonia, Spain. Science of the Total Environment, 631–632, 1138–1152.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dumanoglu, Y., Özgünerge, E. F., Tuna, G., Altiok, H., Kara., A. A. D. T. T. E. M. O. (2013). Investigation of spatial variation of air pollution around two industrial regions using polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in soil. In Air and tree components, international participation V. air pollution and control symposium. Eskisehir.

  • EFSA. (2008). Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain on a request from the European Commission on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbonsin Food, The EFSA Journal 724.

  • Eker, G., & Hatipoglu, M. (2019). Effect of UV wavelength, temperature and photocatalyst on the removal of PAHs from industrial soil with photodegradation applications. Environmental Technology, 40, 3793–3803.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Erickson, M. D. (1997). Analytical chemistry of PCBs. Lewis Publishers. CRC Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erkul, Ş. (2019). Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Concentrations and air-soil exchange In Olive lands in Bursa. MSc Thesis of Bursa Uludag University.

  • Erkul, ŞN., & Şanlı Eker, G. (2020). Determination of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations in olive fields in spring season. Gazi University Journal of Engineering and Architecture Faculty, 35, 1003–1014.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fu, S., Cheng, H. X., Liu, Y. H., Yang, Z. Z., & Xu, X. B. (2009). Spatial character of polychlorinated biphenyls from soil and respirable particulate matter in Taiyuan, China. Chemosphere, 74, 1477–1484.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gevao, B., Porcelli, M., Rajagopalan, S., Krishnan, D., Martinez-Guijarro, K., Alshemmari, H., Bahloul, M., & Zafar, J. (2017). Seasonal variations in the atmospheric concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls in Kuwait. Chemosphere, 189, 652–660.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Graziani, N. S., Tames, M. F., Mateos, A. C., Silva, J. A., Ramos, S., Homem, V., Ratola, N., & Carrera, H. (2019). Estimation of urban POP and emerging SVOC levels employing Ligustrum lucidum leaves. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 10, 1524–1530.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gunindi, M., & Tasdemir, Y. (2010). Atmospheric polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) inputs to a coastal city near the marmara sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 60, 2242–2250.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanedar, A., Gunes, E., Kaykioglu, G., Celik, S. O., & Cabi, E. (2019). Presence and distributions of POPS in soil, atmospheric deposition, and bioindicator samples in an industrial-agricultural area in Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 191, 1–15.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hao, Y. F., Li, Y. M., Han, X., Wang, T., Yang, R. Q., Wang, P., Xiao, K., Li, W. J., Lu, H. L., Fu, J. J., Wang, Y. W., Shi, J. B., Zhang, Q. H., & Jiang, G. B. (2019). Air monitoring of polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and organochlorine pesticides in West Antarctica during 2011–2017: Concentrations, temporal trends and potential sources. Environmental Pollution, 249, 381–389.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hao, Y. F., Li, Y. M., Wang, T., Hu, Y. B., Sun, H. Z., Matsiko, J., Zheng, S. C., Wang, P., & Zhang, Q. H. (2018). Distribution, seasonal variation and inhalation risks of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the atmosphere of Beijing, China. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 40, 1907–1918.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harner, T., Pozo, K., Gouin, T., Macdonald, A. M., Hung, H., Cainey, J., & Peters, A. (2006). Global pilot study for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) using PUF disk passive air samplers. Environmental Pollution, 144, 445–452.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harner, T., Shoeib, M., Diamond, M., Stern, G., & Rosenberg, B. (2004). Using passive air samplers to assess urban - Rural trends for persistent organic pollutants. 1. Polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides. Environmental Science and Technology, 38, 4474–4483.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hermanson, M. H., & Hites, R. A. (1990). Polychlorinated-Biphenyls in Tree Bark. Environmental Science and Technology, 24, 666–671.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hogarh, J. N., Seike, N., Kobara, Y., Carboo, D., Fobil, J. N., & Masunaga, S. (2018). Source characterization and risk of exposure to atmospheric polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Ghana. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25, 16316–16324.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holoubek, I., Korinek, P., Seda, Z., Schneiderova, E., Holoubkova, I., Pacl, A., Triska, J., Cudlin, P., & Caslavsky, J. (2000). The use of mosses and pine needles to detect persistent organic pollutants at local and regional scales. Environmental Pollution, 109, 283–292.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jaward, F. M., Farrar, N. J., Harner, T., Sweetman, A. J., & Jones, K. C. (2004). Passive air sampling of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated naphthalenes across Europe. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 23, 1355–1364.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Juuti, S., Norokorpi, Y., & Ruuskanen, J. (1995). Trichloroacetic-Acid (Tca) in pine needles caused by atmospheric emissions of kraft pulp-mills. Chemosphere, 30, 439–448.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karaca, G. (2013). Determination of PAHs levels in the treatment sludge, Nilufer Creek sediment and invesatigation of removal methods. In Environmental engineering. PhD Thesis, Uludag University.

  • Kipopoulou, A. M., Manoli, E., & Samara, C. (1999). Bioconcentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in vegetables grown in an industrial area. Environmental Pollution, 106, 369–380.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klanova, J., Cupr, P., Barakova, D., Seda, Z., Andel, P., & Holoubek, I. (2009). Can pine needles indicate trends in the air pollution levels at remote sites? Environmental Pollution, 157, 3248–3254.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, A., Gill, J. P. S., Bedi, J. S., & Kumar, A. (2018). Pesticide residues in Indian raw honeys, an indicator of environmental pollution. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25, 34005–34016.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kutkan, F. (2002). Olive and olive oil report, T.C. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Research Planning and Coordination Board Publications, p. 19.

  • Kuzu, S. L., & Saral, A. (2017). Air and soil concentrations and source identification of ambient polychlorinated biphenyls in the Northeastern Mediterranean region. Clean-Soil Air Water, 45, 1600050.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ma, J., Cheng, J. P., Xie, H. Y., Hu, X. F., Li, W., Zhang, J., Yuan, T., & Wang, W. H. (2007). Seasonal and spatial character of PCBs in a chemical industrial zone of Shanghai, China. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 29, 503–511.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakagawa, R., Hori, T., Tobiishi, K., Iida, T., Tsutsumi, T., Sasaki, K., & Toyoda, M. (2002). Levels and tissue-dependent distribution of dioxin in Japanese domestic leafy vegetables – from the 1999 national investigation. Chemosphere, 48, 247–256.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ockenden, W. A., Steinnes, E., Parker, C., & Jones, K. C. (1998). Observations on persistent organic pollutants in plants: Implications for their use as passive air samplers and for POP cycling. Environmental Science and Technology, 32, 2721–2726.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Odabasi, M., Dumanoglu, Y., Falay, E. O., Tuna, G., Altiok, H., Kara, M., Bayram, A., Tolunay, D., & Elbir, T. (2016). Investigation of spatial distributions and sources of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in a heavily polluted industrial region using tree components. Chemosphere, 160, 114–125.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Odabasi, M., Falay, E. O., Tuna, G., Altiok, H., Kara, M., Dumanoglu, Y., Bayram, A., Tolunay, D., & Elbir, T. (2015). Biomonitoring the spatial and historical variations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in an industrial region. Environmental Science and Technology, 49, 2105–2114.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ozcan, S., & Aydin, M. E. (2009). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in urban air of Konya, Turkey. Atmospheric Research, 93, 715–722.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pier, M. D., Zeeb, B. A., & Reimer, K. J. (2002). Patterns of contamination among vascular plants exposed to local sources of polychlorinated biphenyls in the Canadian Arctic and Subarctic. Science of the Total Environment, 297, 215–227.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pozo, K., Harner, T., Rudolph, A., Oyola, G., Estellano, V. H., Ahumada-Rudolph, R., Garrido, M., Pozo, K., Mabilia, R., & Focardi, S. (2012). Survey of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the atmosphere of rural, urban and industrial areas of Concepcion, Chile, using passive air samplers. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 3, 426–434.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Qadeer, A., Liu, S., Liu, M., Liu, X. R., Ajmal, Z., Huang, Y. P., Jing, Y., Khalil, S. K., Zhao, D. D., Du, W. N., Wei, X. Y., & Liu, Y. K. (2019). Historically linked residues profile of OCPs and PCBs in surface sediments of typical urban river networks, Shanghai: Ecotoxicological state and sources. Journal of Cleaner Production, 231, 1070–1078.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Qiu, Y. W., Qiu, H. L., Zhang, G., & Li, J. (2019). Bioaccumulation and cycling of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in three mangrove reserves of south China. Chemosphere, 217, 195–203.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reischl, A., Reissinger, M., Thoma, H., & Hutzinger, O. (1989). Accumulation of organic air constituents by plant-surfaces. 4. Plant-surfaces?a sampling system for atmospheric polychlorodibenzo-Para-Dioxin (Pcdd) and Polychlorodibenzo-Para-Furan (Pcdf). Chemosphere, 18, 561–568.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ruge, Z., Muir, D., Helm, P., & Lohmann, R. (2018). Concentrations, trends, and air-water exchange of pcbs and organochlorine pesticides derived from passive samplers in lake superior in 2011. Environmental Science and Technology, 52, 14061–14069.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sakin, A. E., & Tasdemir, Y. (2016). Determination of atmospheric PCB level variations in continuously collected samples. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 71, 235–245.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sari, M. F., Esen, F., & Tasdemir, Y. (2020). Biomonitoring and source identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using pine tree components from three different sites in Bursa, Turkey. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 78, 646–657.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simonich, S. L., & Hites, R. A. (1995). Organic pollutant accumulation in vegetation. Environmental Science and Technology, 29, 2905–2914.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sofuoglu, S. C., Yayla, B., Kavcar, P., Ates, D., Turgut, C., & Sofuoglu, A. (2013). Olive tree, Olea europaea L., leaves as a bioindicator of atmospheric PCB contamination. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 20, 6178–6183.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tasdemir, Y. (1997). Modification and evaluation of water surface sampler to investigate thedry deposition and air-water exchange of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Illinois Institiute of Technology.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tasdemir, Y. (2012). Regional and seasonal determination of PCB distribution in Bursa soils and air/soil exchange. TUBITAK Supported Project. Project No: 108Y084. Bursa.

  • Trapp, S. (2000). Modelling uptake into roots and subsequent translocation of neutral and ionisable organic compounds. Pest Management Science, 56, 767–778.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trinh, M. M., Tsai, C. L., Hien, T. T., Thuan, N. T., Chi, K. H., Lien, C. G., & Chang, M. B. (2018). Atmospheric concentrations and gas-particle partitioning of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs around Hochiminh city. Chemosphere, 202, 246–254.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Turan, D., Kocahakimoglu, C., Kavcar, P., Gaygisiz, H., Atatanir, L., Turgut, C., & Sofuoglu, S. C. (2011). The use of olive tree (Olea europaea L.) leaves as a bioindicator for environmental pollution in the Province of Aydin, Turkey. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 18, 355–364.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Verim, I., Tasdemir, Y. (2018). Determination of Buski East Wastewater Treatment Plant Olive Trees inserted into the PCB Component Level, International Water and Environment Congress, 22–24 March 2018, Bursa, Turkey.

  • Weber, R., Gonser, S., Kohler, J., Korner, W., Herold, C., Haag, R., Krapp, M., & Peichl, L. (2018). Biomonitoring of polychlorinated biphenyls in Bavaria/Germany-long-term observations and standardization. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25, 16344–16354.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wenzel, K. D., Weissflog, L., Paladini, E., Gantuz, M., Guerreiro, P., Puliafito, C., & Schuurmann, G. (1997). Immission patterns of airborne pollutants in Argentina and Germany. 2. Biomonitoring of organochlorine compounds and polycyclic aromatics. Chemosphere, 34, 2505–2518.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, X. G., Chen, A. F., Wang, S. Q., Zou, J. L., Liu, H. Y., & Xiao, S. (2018). Polychlorinated biphenyls in two typical landforms of Southern Anhui province, China: Sources, air-soil exchange, and risk assessment. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 9, 569–576.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yolsal, D., Salihoglu, G., & Tasdemir, Y. (2014). Air-soil exchange of PCBs: Levels and temporal variations at two sites in Turkey. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 21, 3920–3935.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu, N. L., Schramm, K. W., Wang, T., Henkelmann, B., Fu, J. J., Gao, Y., Wang, Y. W., & Jiang, G. B. (2015). Lichen, moss and soil in resolving the occurrence of semi-volatile organic compounds on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, China. Science of the Total Environment, 518, 328–336.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This study was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) project number 114Y577 and the Bursa Uludag University Scientific Research Projects (Project No: DDP (MH)-2020/11).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, 16059, Nilüfer/Bursa, Turkey

    Gizem Eker Sanli & Yücel Tasdemir

Authors
  1. Gizem Eker Sanli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yücel Tasdemir
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Gizem EKER-SANLI contributed to data curation, writing original draft preparation, validation. Yücel TASDEMIR contributed to supervision, conceptualization, visualization, investigation methodology, reviewing and editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yücel Tasdemir.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Ethics approval

Not applicable.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sanli, G.E., Tasdemir, Y. Accumulations and temporal trends of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in olive tree components. Environ Geochem Health 44, 2577–2594 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-021-01046-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-021-01046-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation