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Measurements of sediment pickup rate over dune-covered bed

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Abstract

Laboratory experiments were conducted to measure sediment pickup rate over two-dimensional fixed dunes. Measurements were performed over both stoss and lee sides of the dune with sediments of D 50 = 0.23, 0.44 and 0.86 mm. Flow velocity and turbulence were also measured by using an acoustic Doppler velocimeter. By analysing the experimental data, an empirical sediment pickup function based on depth-averaged flow parameters was proposed to estimate the pickup rate over the dune.

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Abbreviations

A :

Pickup observation area (m2)

a 1, a 2,…:

Constants

B :

Channel width (m)

D :

Sediment diameter (m)

D * :

Dimensionless particle diameter

E :

Sediment pickup rate (m/s)

E * :

Dimensionless pickup rate

Err :

Average of the relative error (%)

f :

Function

Fr * :

Densimetric Froude number (–)

g :

Gravitational acceleration (m/s2)

H :

Flow depth (m)

K :

Depth-averaged k (m2/s2)

K * :

Dimensionless depth-averaged turbulence kinetic energy K

k :

Turbulence kinetic energy (m2/s2)

k s :

Equivalent sand roughness (m)

k * :

Dimensionless maximum turbulence kinetic energy k max

n :

Coefficient

Q :

Flow discharge (m3/s)

S :

Bed slope

T :

Time period for pickup measurements (s)

U :

Depth-averaged u (m/s)

u, v, w :

Streamwise, spanwise and vertical velocity (m/s)

u * :

Shear velocity (m/s)

u *′:

Effective shear velocity (m/s)

V T :

Total volume of sediment (m3)

x :

Streamwise distance (m)

z :

Vertical distance from the bed (m)

α :

Dune lee side angle (°)

δ :

Dune height (m)

ɛ :

Sediment porosity

λ :

Dune wave length (m)

ν :

Kinematic viscosity (m2/s)

ρ :

Fluid density (kg/m3)

ρ s :

Sediment density (kg/m3)

σ g :

Geometric standard deviation \( \sigma_{g} = \sqrt {{{D_{84} } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{D_{84} } {D_{16} }}} \right. \kern-0pt} {D_{16} }}} \)

τ :

Mean bed shear stress (N/m2)

τ * :

Shields parameter

τ *′:

Effective Shields parameter

τ *c :

Critical Shields number

τ xz :

Bed shear stress (N/m2)

Δ:

Specific submerged density

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Ave., Singapore, 639798, Singapore

    Adel Emadzadeh & Nian-Sheng Cheng

Authors
  1. Adel Emadzadeh
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  2. Nian-Sheng Cheng
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Correspondence to Adel Emadzadeh.

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Emadzadeh, A., Cheng, NS. Measurements of sediment pickup rate over dune-covered bed. Environ Fluid Mech 16, 123–144 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10652-015-9416-1

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