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Individual- and population-level toxicity of the insecticide, spirotetramat and the agricultural adjuvant, Destiny to the Cladoceran, Ceriodaphnia dubia

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Abstract

The effects of the tetramic acid insecticide, spirotetramat and the agricultural adjuvant, Destiny, were evaluated on the Cladoceran, Ceriodaphnia dubia. These compounds were evaluated separately and as a mixture because they can be applied together for control of certain crop pests and therefore have the potential to enter surface water as a binary mixture. Acute mortality estimates (48 h) were developed followed by chronic exposure (8 days) studies where several population parameters were recorded. Acute LC50 and 95% CL for spirotetramat and Destiny were estimated to be 23.8 (14.5–35.4) and 26.71 (20.8–34.0) mg/l, respectively. Thus, spirotetramat and Destiny were equitoxic to C. dubia at LC50. For the chronic population study, C. dubia populations were exposed to a range of concentrations for spirotetramat and Destiny singly and as a mixture. Each chemical alone reduced the number of founding individuals, offspring/female, final population size, and population growth rate in a concentration-dependent manner. However, exposure to the mixture caused significantly greater reductions in these parameters than either compound alone. These results indicate that agricultural adjuvants and pesticides may cause more damage to aquatic organisms as a mixture than either product alone. Therefore, future evaluations of pesticide effects should consider the effects of adjuvants as a mixture with pesticides when these products are recommended to be applied together for pest control.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Agricultural Research Center (ARC) of Washington State University. We thank Ralph Cavalieri, Associate Dean of the College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences and Director of the Agricultural Research Center of Washington State University for his continued support. Thanks to Grace and Oriki Jack for their assistance with this study.

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  1. Ecotoxicology Program, Department of Entomology, Puyallup Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Puyallup, WA, 98371, USA

    Xue Dong Chen & John D. Stark

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  1. Xue Dong Chen
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  2. John D. Stark
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Correspondence to John D. Stark.

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Chen, X.D., Stark, J.D. Individual- and population-level toxicity of the insecticide, spirotetramat and the agricultural adjuvant, Destiny to the Cladoceran, Ceriodaphnia dubia . Ecotoxicology 19, 1124–1129 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-010-0495-y

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