Abstract
The present study evaluates of a competency-based suicide prevention training. A sample of community mental healthcare providers took part in a suicide risk assessment and prevention training, completing pre-post measures of knowledge, competency/skill and attitudes, as well as baseline interprofessional education (IPE) socialization. Training yielded moderate-to-large improvements in suicide-related knowledge, perceived risk assessment/prevention skills, attitudes toward helping patients, and professional capacity to work with suicidal patients. Small pre-post differences were observed recognizing the need for additional training. IPE socialization moderated impacts on professional capacity. This study offers support for the promising impacts of competency-based and IPE-specific training.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
Workshop training materials, quiz questions, and other project content are available for sharing upon request from the corresponding author.
No significant differences or associations were observed for demographic variables with IPE or pre-post suicide prevention variables (statistical tests available upon request).
Although IPE socialization was evaluated in a separate GLM analysis for each suicide prevention outcome, we report only significant models due to the short format of this article. Full statistical tests are available for all analyses upon request from the corresponding author.
Full statistics available upon request from the corresponding author.
References
Adams, S. (2015). APNA’s suicide competencies for inpatient psychiatric nurses: Saving lives… one at a time. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 21(2), 175–179. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078390315588286.
Ahmedani, B. K., Stewart, C., Simon, G. E., Lynch, F., Lu, C. Y., Waitzfelder B. E., et al. (2015). Racial/ethnic differences in health care visits made before suicide attempt across the United States. Medical Care, 53, 430–435. https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0000000000000335.
American Association of Suicidology. (2010). Some facts about suicide and depression. Retrieved from http://www.suicidology.org/c/document_library/get_file?folderId=232%26amp%3Bname=DLFE-246.pdf.
Baruch, Y., Swartz, M., Sirkis, S., Mirecki, I., & Barak, Y. (2013). Staff happiness and work satisfaction in a tertiary psychiatric centre. Occupational Medicine, 63, 442–444. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqt087.
Botega, N. J., Reginato, D. G., Silva, S. V., et al. (2005). Nursing personnel attitudes towards suicide: The development of a measure scale. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 27(4), 315–318. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-44462005000400011.
Botega, N. J., Silva, S. V., Reginato, D. G., et al. (2007). Maintained attitudinal changes in nursing personnel after a brief training on suicide prevention. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 37(2), 145–153. https://doi.org/10.1521/suli.2007.37.2.145.
Brodsky, B. S., Spruch-Feiner, A., & Stanley, B. (2018). The Zero Suicide Model: Applying evidence-based suicide prevention practices to clinical care. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9, 33. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00033.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (no date a). Suicide and self-inflicted injury. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/suicide.htm.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (no date b). Uniform definitions for self-directed violence. Retrieved from https://http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/suicide/selfdirected-violence.html.
Cipriano, A., Cella, S., & Cotrufo, P. (2017). Nonsuicidal self-injury: A systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1946. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01946.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2003). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum, Inc.
Coopens, E., Van Audenhove, C., Iddi, S., Arensman, E., Gottlebe, K., et al. (2014). Effectiveness of community facilitator training in improving knowledge, attitudes, and confidence in relation to depression and suicidal behavior: Results of the OSPI-Europe intervention in four European countries. Journal of Affective Disorders, 165, 142–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2014.04.052.
Cramer, R. J., Bryson, C. N., Eichorst, M. K., Keyes, L. N., & Ridge, B. E. (2017). Conceptualization and pilot testing of a core competency-based training workshop in suicide risk assessment and management. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 73(3), 233–238. https://doi.org/10.1177/0098628316649483.
Cramer, R. J., Bryson, C. N., Stroud, C. H., & Ridge, B. E. (2016). A pilot test of a graduate course in suicide theory, risk assessment, and management. Teaching of Psychology, 43, 238–242. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078345817716162.
Cramer, R. J., Johnson, S. M., McLaughlin, J., Rausch, E. M., & Conroy, M. A. (2013). Suicide risk assessment training for psychology doctoral programs: Core competencies and framework for training. Training and Education in Professional Psychology, 7(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031836.
Cubic, B., Mance, J., Turgesen, J. N., & Lamanna, J. D. (2012). Interprofessional education: Preparing psychologists for success in integrated primary care. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 19(1), 84–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10880-011-9291-y.
Enders, C. K. (2017). Multiple imputation as a flexible tool for missing data handling in clinical research. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 98, 4–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.11.008.
Frank, J. R., Snell, L. S., Cate, O. T., Holmboe, E. S., Carraccio, C., Swing, S. R., et al. (2010). Competency-based medical education: Theory to practice. Medical Teacher, 32(8), 638–645. https://doi.org/10.3109/0142159X.2010.501190.
Gibb, S. J., Beautrais, A. L., & Surgenor, L. J. (2010). Health-care staff attitudes towards self-harm patients. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 44, 713–720. https://doi.org/10.3109/00048671003671015.
Grant, C. L., & Lusk, J. L. (2015). A multidisciplinary approach to therapeutic risk management of the suicidal patient. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 8, 291–298. https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S50529.
Hung, E. K., Binder, R. L., Fordwood, S. R., Hall, S. E., Cramer, R. J., & McNiel, D. E. (2012). A method for evaluating competency in assessment and management of suicide risk. Academic Psychiatry, 36, 23–28. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ap.10110160.
Jiao, Y., Phillips, M. R., Sheng, Y., Wu, G., Li, X., Xiong, W., & Wang, L. (2014). Cross-sectional study of attitudes about psychiatrists in Shanghai. BMC Psychiatry, 14, 87–96. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-14-87.
Jobes, D. A. (2012). The Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS): An evolving evidence-based clinical approach to suicide risk. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 42, 640–653. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1943-278X.2012.00119.x.
Johnson, K., & Freeman, K. (2014). Integrating interprofessional education and collaboration competencies (IPEC) into mental health counselor education. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 36(4), 328–344. https://doi.org/10.17744/mehc.36.4.g47567602327j510.
Joiner, T. E. (2005). Why people die by suicide. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
King, G., Orchard, C., Khalili, H., & Avery, L. (2016). Refinement of the Interprofessional Socialization and Valuing Scale (ISVS-21) and development of 9-item equivalent versions. Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions, 36, 171–177. https://doi.org/10.1097/CEH.0000000000000082.
King, G., Shaw, L., Orchard, C. A., & Miller, S. (2010). The Interprofessional Socialization and Valuing Scale: A tool for evaluating the shift toward collaborative care approaches in health care settings. Work, 35, 77–85.
Larkin, G. L., & Beautrais, A. L. (2010). Emergency departments are underutilized sites for suicide prevention. Crisis, 31, 1–6.
Leung, W.-C. (2002). Competency based medical training: Review. British Medical Journal, 325(7366), 693–696. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC126659/.
Liebling-Boccio, D. A., & Jennings, H. R. (2013). The current status of graduate training in suicide risk assessment. Psychology in the Schools, 50, 72–86. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.21661.
Mental Health Commission. (2006). Multidisciplinary team working: From theory to practice. Dublin: St Martin’s House.
Oranye, N. O., Arumugam, U., Ahmad, N., & Arumugam, M. E. (2016). Perceived training needs of nurses working with mentally ill patients. Contemporary Nursing, 13, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/10376178.2016.1194726.
Puntil, C., York, J., Limandri, B., Greene, P., Arauz, E., & Hobbs, D. (2013). Competency-based training for PMH nurse generalists: Inpatient intervention and prevention of suicide. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 19(4), 205–210. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078390313496275.
Reeves, S. Perrier, L. Goldman, J. Freeth, D. Zwarenstein, M. (2013). Interprofessional education: Effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes (update). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD002213.pub3.
Rose, P. R. (2018). Health disparities, diversity, and inclusion: Context, controversies, and solutions. Miami, FL: Jones & Bartlett.
Scholmer, G. L., Bauman, S., & Card, N. A. (2010). Best practices for missing data management in counseling psychology. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 57, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018082.
Silva, C., Smith, A. R., Dodd, D. R., Covington, D. W., & Joiner, T. E. (2016). Suicide-related knowledge and confidence among behavioral health care staff in seven states. Psychiatric Services, 67, 1240–1245. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201500271.
Smith, A. R., Silva, C., Covington, D. W., & Joiner, T. E. (2014). An assessment of suicide-related knowledge and skills among health professionals. Health Psychology, 33, 110–119. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031062.
Suicide Prevention Resource Center (SPRC). (no date). Zero Suicide in health and behavioral health care. Retrieved from https://zerosuicide.sprc.org/.
World Health Organization. (2010). Framework for action on interprofessional education and collaborative practice. Geneva: Department for Human Resources for Health.
Wortzel, H. S., Matarazzo, B., & Homaifar, B. (2013). A model for therapeutic risk management. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 19, 323–326.
Acknowledgements
This project was supported by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) under Grant No. G02HP30588, “Behavioral Health Workforce Education and Training (BHWET) for Paraprofessionals and Professionals.” This information or content and conclusions are those of the authors and should not be construed as the official position or policy of, nor should any endorsements be inferred by HRSA, HHS or the U.S. Government.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
La Guardia, A.C., Cramer, R.J., Brubaker, M. et al. Community Mental Health Provider Responses to a Competency-Based Training in Suicide Risk Assessment and Prevention. Community Ment Health J 55, 257–266 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-018-0314-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-018-0314-0