Skip to main content
Log in

One Year Follow-up to Modular Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for the Treatment of Pediatric Anxiety Disorders in an Elementary School Setting

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Child Psychiatry & Human Development Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The current study sought to evaluate the relative long-term efficacy of a modularized cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) program for children with anxiety disorders. Twenty four children (5–12 years old) randomly assigned to modular CBT or a 3-month waitlist participated in a 1-year follow-up assessment. Independent evaluators blind to treatment condition conducted structured diagnostic interviews, and caregivers and children completed symptom checklists at pre- and post-, and 1 year follow-up assessments. Analyses revealed that 71.4% of children who received CBT demonstrated a positive treatment response 1 year following treatment, and 83.3% were free of any anxiety diagnosis at 1 year follow-up. Analyses further revealed robust effects of intervention on diagnostic outcomes, caregiver- and child-report measures of anxiety at 1 year follow-up. Results provide evidence of an ongoing advantage on anxiety-specific outcomes for this modularized school-based CBT program 1 year post-treatment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Cartwright-Hatto S, McNicol K, Doubleday E (2006) Anxiety in a neglected population: prevalence of anxiety disorders in pre-adolescent children. Clin Psychol Rev 26:817–833

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Briggs-Gowan MJ, Horwitz SM, Schwab-Stone ME, Leventhal JM, Leaf PJ (2000) Mental health in pediatric settings: distribution of disorders and factors related to service use. J Am Acad Child Psy 39:841–849

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Kearney CA (2003) Bridging the gap among professionals who address youths with school absenteeism: overview and suggestions for consensus. Prof Psychol-Res Pr 34:57–65

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Ma X (1999) A meta-analysis of the relationship between anxiety toward mathematics and achievement in mathematics. J Res Math Educ 30:520–540

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Mychailyszyn MP, Mendez JL, Kendall PC (2010) School functioning in youth with and without anxiety disorders: comparisons by diagnosis and comorbidity. Sch Psychol Rev 39:106–121

    Google Scholar 

  6. Biederman J, Faraone S, Mick E, Lelon E (1995) Psychiatric comorbidity among referred juveniles with major depression: fact or artifact? J Am Acad Child Psy 34:579–590

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Langley AK, Bergman RL, McCracken J, Piacentini JC (2004) Impairment in childhood anxiety disorders: preliminary examination of the child anxiety impact scale-parent version. J Child Adol Psychop 14:105–114

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Beidel DC, Fink CM, Turner SM (1996) Stability of anxious symptomatology in children. J Abnorm Child Psych 24:257–269

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Pine D, Cohen P, Gurley D, Brooks J, Ma Y (1998) Risk for early-adulthood anxiety and depressive disorders in adolescents with anxiety and depressive disorders. Arch Gen Psychiat 55:56–64

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Silverman WK, Pina AA, Viswesvaran C (2008) Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for phobic and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. J Clin Child Psychol 37:105–130

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Barrett PM, Dadds MR, Rapee RM (1996) Family treatment of childhood anxiety: a controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psych 64:333–342

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Barrett PM, Duffy AL, Dadds MR, Rapee RM (2001) Cognitive-behavioral treatment of anxiety disorders in children: long-term (6-year) follow-up. J Consult Clin Psych 69:135–141

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Kendall PC, Safford S, Flannery-Schroeder E, Webb A (2004) Child anxiety treatment: outcomes in adolescence and impact on substance use and depression at 7.4-year follow-up. J Consult Clin Psych 72:276–287

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Bernstein GA, Layne AE, Egan EA, Tennison DM (2005) School-based interventions for anxious children. J Am Acad Child Psy 44:1118–1127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Dadds MR, Spence SH, Holland DE, Barrett PM, Laurens KR (1997) Prevention and early intervention for anxiety disorders: a controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psych 65:627–635

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Ginsburg GS, Drake KL (2002) School-based treatment for anxious African-American adolescents: a controlled pilot study. J Am Acad Child Psy 41:768–775

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Masia-Warner C, Fisher PH, Shrout PE, Rathor S, Klein RG (2007) Treating adolescents with social anxiety disorder in school: an attention control trial. J Child Psychol Psyc 48:676–686

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Walsh ME, Barrett JG, DePaul J (2007) Day-to-day activities of school counselors: alignment with new directions in the field and the ASCA national model. Prof Sch Counsel 10:370–378

    Google Scholar 

  19. Chiu AW, Langer DA, Wood JJ, Har K, Drahota A, Galla BM et al (under review) Modular cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of child anxiety disorders in elementary school settings: a randomized, controlled trial. School Psychol Quart

  20. Wood JJ, Piacentini JC, Southam-Gerow M, Chu BC, Sigman M (2006) Family cognitive behavioral therapy for child anxiety disorders. J Am Acad Child Psy 45:314–321

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Silverman WK, Albano AM (1996) The anxiety disorders interview schedule for children for DSM-IV: (child and parent versions). Psychological Corporation, San Antonio

    Google Scholar 

  22. Silverman WK, Saavedra LM, Pina AA (2001) Test-retest reliability of anxiety symptoms and diagnoses with the anxiety disorders interview schedule for DSM-IV: child and parent versions. J Am Acad Child Psy 40:937–944

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Wood JJ, Piacentini JC, Bergman RL, McCracken J, Barrios V (2002) Concurrent validity of the anxiety disorders section of the anxiety disorders interview schedule for DSM-IV: child and parent versions. J Clin Child Psychol 31:335–342

    Google Scholar 

  24. Pine DS, Walkup JT, Labellarte MJ, Riddle MA, Greenhill L, Klein R et al (2001) Fluvoxamine for the treatment of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. New Engl J Med 344:1279–1285

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. March JS (1998) The multidimensional anxiety scale for children (masc). MHS, North Tonawanda

    Google Scholar 

  26. March JS, Parker JD, Sullivan K, Stallings P, Conners CK (1997) The multidimensional anxiety scale for children (masc): factor structure, reliability, and validity. J Am Acad Child Psy 36:554–565

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Chorpita BF, Taylor AA, Francis SE, Moffitt C, Austin AA (2004) Efficacy of modular cognitive behavior therapy for childhood anxiety disorders. Behav Ther 35:263–287

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Wood JJ, McLeod BD (2008) Child anxiety disorders: a family-based treatment manual for practitioners. W. W. Norton, New York

    Google Scholar 

  29. Wood JJ, McLeod B, Piacentini J, Sigman M (2009) One-year follow-up of family versus child CBT for anxiety disorders: exploring the roles of child age and parental intrusiveness. Child Psychiat Hum D 40:301–316

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Dadds MR, Holland DE, Laurens KR, Mullins M, Barrett PM, Spence SH (1999) Early intervention and prevention of anxiety disorders in children: results at 2-year follow-up. J Consult Clin Psych 67:145–150

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Silverman WK, Kurtines WM, Ginsburg GS, Weems CF, Lumpkin PW, Carmichael DH (1999) Treating anxiety disorders in children with group cognitive-behavioral therapy: a randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psych 67:995–1003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Bernstein GA, Bernat DH, Victor AM, Layne AE (2008) School-based interventions for anxious children: 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups. J Am Acad Child Psy 47:1039–1047

    Google Scholar 

  33. Cohen J (1988) Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences, 2nd edn. Erlbaum, Hillsdale

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Brian M. Galla or Jeffrey J. Wood.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Galla, B.M., Wood, J.J., Chiu, A.W. et al. One Year Follow-up to Modular Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for the Treatment of Pediatric Anxiety Disorders in an Elementary School Setting. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 43, 219–226 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-011-0258-x

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-011-0258-x

Keywords

Navigation