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Satellite non-coding RNAs: the emerging players in cells, cellular pathways and cancer

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Abstract

For several decades, transcriptional inactivity was considered as one of the particular features of constitutive heterochromatin and, therefore, of its major component, satellite DNA sequences. However, more recently, succeeding evidences have demonstrated that these sequences can indeed be transcribed, yielding satellite non-coding RNAs with important roles in the organization and regulation of genomes. Since then, several studies have been conducted, trying to understand the function(s) of these sequences not only in the normal but also in cancer genomes. It is thought that the association between cancer and satncRNAs is mostly due to the influence of these transcripts in the genome instability, a hallmark of cancer. The few reports on satellite DNA transcription in cancer contexts point to its overexpression; however, this scenario may be far more complex, variable, and influenced by a number of factors and the exact role of satncRNAs in the oncogenic process remains poorly understood. The greater is the knowledge on the association of satncRNAs with cancer, the greater would be the opportunity to assist cancer treatment, either by the design of effective therapies targeting these molecules or by using them as biomarkers in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and with predictive value.

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Abbreviations

ChIP:

Chromatin immunoprecipitation

CPC:

Chromosome passenger complex

CT:

Centromeric

dTALEs:

Designer transcription activator-like effectors

HP1:

Heterochromatin protein 1

HSF1:

Heat shock factor 1

lncRNAs:

Long non-coding RNAs

mRNAs:

Messenger RNAs

ncRNAs:

Non-coding RNAs

ORF:

Open reading frame

PCT:

Pericentromeric

RIP:

RNA immunoprecipitation

RNA-FISH:

RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization

RT-qPCR:

Reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction

satDNA:

Satellite DNA

satncRNAs:

Satellite non-coding RNAs

siRNAs:

Small interfering RNAs

TonEBF:

Tonicity enhancer-binding protein

TRAIN:

Transcription of repeats activates interferon

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Ph.D. grants (SFRH/BD/80446/2011, SFRH/BD/41576/2007, SFRH/BD/98122/2013, SFRH/BD/80808/2011), all from the Science and Technology Foundation (FCT) from Portugal.

Nomenclature

In the present work, the nomenclature for genes, proteins, and non-coding RNAs was the one recommended by HGNC (HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee).

Conflict of interest

These authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Laboratory of Cytogenomics and Animal Genomics (CAG), Department of Genetics and Biotechnology (DGB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal

      Daniela Ferreira, Susana Meles, Ana Escudeiro, Ana Mendes-da-Silva, Filomena Adega & Raquel Chaves

    2. Faculty of Sciences, BioISI– Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal

      Daniela Ferreira, Susana Meles, Ana Escudeiro, Ana Mendes-da-Silva, Filomena Adega & Raquel Chaves

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    1. Daniela Ferreira
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    Correspondence to Raquel Chaves.

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    Responsible editors: Maria Assunta Biscotti, Pat Heslop-Harrison and Ettore Olmo

    Daniela Ferreira and Susana Meles contributed equally to this work.

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    Ferreira, D., Meles, S., Escudeiro, A. et al. Satellite non-coding RNAs: the emerging players in cells, cellular pathways and cancer. Chromosome Res 23, 479–493 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10577-015-9482-8

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