Abstract
Microvessels in the central nervous system (CNS) have one of the highest populations of pericytes, indicating their crucial role in maintaining homeostasis. Pericytes are heterogeneous cells located around brain microvessels; they present three different morphologies along the CNS vascular tree: ensheathing, mesh, and thin-strand pericytes. At the arteriole–capillary transition ensheathing pericytes are found, while mesh and thin-strand pericytes are located at capillary beds. Brain pericytes are essential for the establishment and maintenance of the blood–brain barrier, which restricts the passage of soluble and potentially toxic molecules from the circulatory system to the brain parenchyma. Pericytes play a key role in regulating local inflammation at the CNS. Pericytes can respond differentially, depending on the degree of inflammation, by secreting a set of neurotrophic factors to promote cell survival and regeneration, or by potentiating inflammation through the release of inflammatory mediators (e.g., cytokines and chemokines), and the overexpression of cell adhesion molecules. Under inflammatory conditions, pericytes may regulate immune cell trafficking to the CNS and play a role in perpetuating local inflammation. In this review, we describe pericyte responses during acute and chronic neuroinflammation.
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References
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We would like to thank the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT) for the fellowship No. 636903 assigned to Maria Fernanda Medina Flores, doctoral student from Programa de Doctorado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa (UAM-I).
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Medina-Flores, F., Hurtado-Alvarado, G., Deli, M.A. et al. The Active Role of Pericytes During Neuroinflammation in the Adult Brain. Cell Mol Neurobiol 43, 525–541 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-022-01208-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-022-01208-5