Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Effects of the Methanolic Extract of Vitellaria paradoxa Stem Bark Against Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in the Rat Hippocampus

  • Original Research
  • Published:
Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn (Sapotaceae) is a perennial three which naturally grows in the northern part of Cameroon. It has been traditionally used in the Cameroonian folk medicine for treating inflammation and pain. In the present study, we evaluate the possible anti-amnesic and antioxidative effects of the methanolic extract of V. paradoxa stem bark in an Alzheimer’s disease (AD) rat model of scopolamine. Rats received a single injection of scopolamine (1.5 mg/kg) before behavioral testing and were treated with the methanolic extract (25 and 50 mg/kg), daily, for eight continuous days. Also, the antioxidant activity in the hippocampus was assessed using the total content of reduced glutathione and malondialdehyde levels. The scopolamine-treated rats exhibited the following: decrease of exploratory time and discrimination index within the novel object recognition test, decrease of spontaneous alternations percentage within Y-maze task, and increase of working memory errors, reference memory errors, and time taken to consume all five baits within radial arm-maze task. Administration of the methanolic extract significantly improved these parameters, suggesting positive effects on memory formation processes and antioxidant potential. Our results suggest that the methanolic extract ameliorates scopolamine-induced memory impairment by attenuation of the oxidative stress in the rat hippocampus.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aboaba S, Akande A, Flamini G (2014) Chemical composition and toxicity of essential oil of Vitellaria paradoxa (C.F. Gaertn.) from Nigeria. J Essent Oil Bear Plants 17(1):126–130. doi:10.1080/0972060X.2014.884757

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmed F, Ghalib RM, Sasikala P, Ahmed KKM (2013) Cholinesterase inhibitors from botanicals. Pharmacogn Rev 7(14):121–130. doi:10.4103/0973-7847.120511

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ayankunle AA, Kolawole O, Adesokan A, Akiibinu M (2012) Antibacterial activity and sub-chronic toxicity studies of Vitellaria paradoxa stem bark extract. J Pharmacol Toxicol 7:298–304

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bartus R, Dean RL 3rd, Sherman KA, Friedman E, Beer B (1981) Profound effects of combining choline and piracetam on memory enhancement and cholinergic function in aged rats. Neurobiol Aging 2:105–111

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beppe GJ, Dongmo AB, Foyet HS, Tsabang N, Olteanu Z, Cioanca O, Hancianu M, Dimo T, Hritcu L (2014) Memory-enhancing activities of the aqueous extract of Albizia adianthifolia leaves in the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesion rodent model of Parkinson’s disease. BMC Complement Altern Med 14:142. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-14-142

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Coppede F, Migliore L (2009) DNA damage and repair in Alzheimer’s disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 6:36–47

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Drever B, Anderson W, Johnson H, O’Callaghan M, Seo S, Choi D-Y, Riedel G, Platt B (2007) Memantine acts as a cholinergic stimulant in the mouse hippocampus. J Alzheimers Dis 12:319–333

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dumont M, Beal MF (2011) Neuroprotective strategies involving ROS in Alzheimer’s disease. Free Radic Biol Med 51(5):1014–1026. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.11.026

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ennaceur A, Delacour J (1988) A new one-trial test for neurobiological studies of memory in rats. 1: behavioral data. Behav Brain Res 31:47–59

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eyong K, Foyet H, Baïry G, Folefoc GN, Asongalem EA, Lagojda A, Lamshöft M (2015) A new ursane triterpenoic acid and other potential anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic constituents from EtOAc extracts of Vitellaria paradoxa stem bark. J Ethnopharmacol 174(4):277–286. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.014

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fan Y, Hu J, Li J, Yang Z, Xin X, Wang J, Ding J, Geng M (2005) Effect of acidic oligosaccharide sugar chain on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in rats and its related mechanisms. Neurosci Lett 374(3):222–226. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2004.10.063

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ferreiro E, Baldeiras I, Ferreira IL, Costa RO, Rego AC, Pereira CF, Oliveira CR (2012) Mitochondrial- and endoplasmic reticulum-associated oxidative stress in Alzheimer’s disease: from pathogenesis to biomarkers. Int J Cell Biol 2012:735206. doi:10.1155/2012/735206

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Foyet HS, Hritcu L, Ciobica A, Stefan M, Kamtchouing P, Cojocaru D (2011) Methanolic extract of Hibiscus asper leaves improves spatial memory deficits in the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesion rodent model of Parkinson’s disease. J Ethnopharmacol 133:773–779

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Foyet H, Tsala D, Ngatanko Abaissou H (2014) Enhancing spatial memory: anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of Tapinanthus dodoneifolius (DC) Danser in mice. Neurol Res Int 2014:974308. doi:10.1155/2014/974308

    Google Scholar 

  • Fukuzawa K, Tokumura A (1976) Glutathione peroxidase activity in tissues of vitamin E-deficient mice. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 22:405–407

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gawande DY, Goel RK (2015) Pharmacological validation of in silico guided novel nootropic potential of Achyranthes aspera L. J Ethnopharmacol 175:324–334. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2015.09.025

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goverdhan P, Sravanthi A, Mamatha T (2012) Neuroprotective effects of meloxicam and selegiline in scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment and oxidative stress. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2012:974013. doi:10.1155/2012/974013

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta S, Garg GR, Bharal N, Mediratta PK, Banerjee BD, Sharma KK (2009) Reversal of propoxur-induced impairment of step-down passive avoidance, transfer latency and oxidative stress by piracetam and ascorbic acid in rats. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 28(3):403–408. doi:10.1016/j.etap.2009.06.007

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • He M, Zhao L, Wei M-J, Yao W-F, Zhao H-S, Chen F-J (2009) Neuroprotective effects of (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate on aging mice induced by D-Galactose. Biol Pharm Bull 32(1):55–60. doi:10.1248/bpb.32.55

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hritcu L, Nabeshima T (2009) Kainic acid lesion-induced spatial memory deficits of rats. Cent Eur J Biol 4:179–185

    Google Scholar 

  • Hritcu L, Cioanca O, Hancianu M (2012) Effects of lavender oil inhalation on improving scopolamine-induced spatial memory impairment in laboratory rats. Phytomedicine 19(6):529–534. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2012.02.002

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hritcu L, Noumedem J, Cioanca O, Hancianu M, Kuete V, Mihasan M (2014) Methanolic extract of Piper nigrum fruits improves memory impairment by decreasing brain oxidative stress in amyloid beta(1–42) rat model of Alzheimer’s Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 34(3):437–449. doi:10.1007/s10571-014-0028-y

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ibrahim A (2013) Effects of Edaravone on scopolamine induced-dementia in experimental rats. Int J Pharmacol 9:271–276

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ischiropoulos H, Beckman JS (2003) Oxidative stress and nitration in neurodegeneration: cause, effect, or association? J Clin Investig 111(2):163–169. doi:10.1172/JCI200317638

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jawaid T, Jahan S, Kamal M (2015) A comparative study of neuroprotective effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors against scopolamine-induced memory impairments in rats. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 6(3):130–135. doi:10.4103/2231-4040.161514

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang S, Li Y, Zhang C, Zhao Y, Bu G, Xu H, Zhang Y-W (2014) M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurosci Bull 30(2):295–307. doi:10.1007/s12264-013-1406-z

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee M-R, Yun B-S, Park S-Y, Ly S-Y, Kim S-N, Han B-H, Sung C-K (2010) Anti-amnesic effect of Chong–Myung–Tang on scopolamine-induced memory impairments in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 132(1):70–74. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2010.07.041

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu M, Chen F, Sha L, Wang S, Tao L, Yao L, He M, Yao Z, Liu H, Zhu Z, Zhang Z, Zheng Z, Sha X, Wei M (2014) (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate ameliorates learning and memory deficits by adjusting the balance of TrkA/p75NTR signaling in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Mol Neurobiol 49(3):1350–1363. doi:10.1007/s12035-013-8608-2

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lombardo S, Maskos U (2015) Role of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in Alzheimer’s disease pathology and treatment. Neuropharmacology 96(Part B 0):255–262. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.11.018

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Luque-Contreras D, Carvajal K, Toral-Rios D, Franco-Bocanegra D, Campos-Peña V (2014) Oxidative stress and Metabolic Syndrome: cause or consequence of Alzheimer’s Disease? Oxid Med Cell Longev 2014:497802. doi:10.1155/2014/497802

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Markesbery WR, Lovell MA (1998) Four-hydroxynonenal, a product of lipid peroxidation, is increased in the brain in Alzheimer’s Disease. Neurobiol Aging 19(1):33–36. doi:10.1016/S0197-4580(98)00009-8

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Matig OE, Ndoye O, Kengue J, Awono A (2006) Les fruitiers forestiers comestibles du Cameroun. IPGRI Regional Office for West and Central Africa, 150–152

  • Moreira PI, Nunomura A, Nakamura M, Takeda A, Shenk JC, Aliev G, Smith MA, Perry G (2008) Nucleic acid oxidation in Alzheimer disease. Free Radic Biol Med 44(8):1493–1505. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.01.002

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K (1979) Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem 95:351–358

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pardo Andreu GL, Maurmann N, Reolon GK, de Farias CB, Schwartsmann G, Delgado R, Roesler R (2010) Mangiferin, a naturally occurring glucoxilxanthone improves long-term object recognition memory in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 635(1–3):124–128. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.03.011

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Peña Id, Yoon SY, Kim HJ, Park S, Hong EY, Ryu JH, Park IH, Cheong JH (2014) Effects of ginseol k-g3, an Rg3-enriched fraction, on scopolamine-induced memory impairment and learning deficit in mice. J Ginseng Res 38(1):1–7. doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2013.11.003

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sanou H, Lamien N (2011) Vitellaria paradoxa, karité: Conservation et utilisation durable des ressources génétiques des espèces ligneuses alimentaires prioritaires de l’Afrique subsaharienne. Saforgen:2–4

  • Teixeira MDA, Souza CM, Menezes APF, Carmo MRS, Fonteles AA, Gurgel JP, Lima FAV, Viana GSB, Andrade GM (2013) Catechin attenuates behavioral neurotoxicity induced by 6-OHDA in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 110:1–7. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2013.05.012

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yang MH, Yoon KD, Chin Y-W, Park JH, Kim SH, Kim YC, Kim J (2009) Neuroprotective effects of Dioscorea opposita on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in in vivo behavioral tests and in vitro assays. J Ethnopharmacol 121(1):130–134. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2008.10.010

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ziba L, Yameogo F (2002) Les bienfaits du karité pour les populations rurales, les communautés et les pays. Actes de l’atelier organisé par l’ONU pour l’Alimentation et l’Agriculture, le Fonds commun pour les Produits de Base et le Centre de Suivi Ecologique. 80

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Mr. Jean Paul Bamba from Fauna School of Garoua (Cameroon) for providing the plant location and identification.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 814, Maroua, Cameroon

    Harquin Simplice Foyet

  2. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon

    Acha Emmanuel Asongalem

  3. Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon

    Eyong Kenneth Oben

  4. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, 16 University Str., 700117, Iasi, Romania

    Oana Cioanca & Monica Hancianu

  5. Department of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I, No. 11, 700506, Iasi, Romania

    Lucian Hritcu

Authors
  1. Harquin Simplice Foyet
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Acha Emmanuel Asongalem
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Eyong Kenneth Oben
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Oana Cioanca
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Monica Hancianu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Lucian Hritcu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Harquin Simplice Foyet or Lucian Hritcu.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Foyet, H.S., Asongalem, A.E., Oben, E.K. et al. Effects of the Methanolic Extract of Vitellaria paradoxa Stem Bark Against Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in the Rat Hippocampus. Cell Mol Neurobiol 36, 1139–1149 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-015-0310-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-015-0310-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation