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Expression of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Peptide (PACAP) and PAC1 in the Periodontal Ligament After Tooth Luxation

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Abstract

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) is widely distributed throughout the nervous system. PACAP not only acts as a neurotransmitter but also elicits a broad spectrum of biological action via the PACAP-specific receptor, PAC1. However, no studies have investigated PACAP and PAC1 in the periodontal ligament (PDL), so we aimed to perform this investigation in rats after tooth luxation. In the PDL of an intact first molar, there are few osteoclasts and osteoblasts. However, at days 3 and 5 after luxation, large PAC1-positive cells, thought to be osteoclasts because of their expression of the osteoclast marker, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, were detected in appreciable numbers. Osteoblast numbers increased dramatically on day 7 after luxation, and PAC1-positive mononuclear small cells were increased at day 14, many of which expressed the osteoblast marker, alkaline phosphatase. PACAP-positive nerve fibers were rarely detected in the PDL of intact first molars, but were increasingly evident at this site on days 5 and 7 after luxation. Double-immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated the relationship between PACAP-positive nerve fibers and PAC1-positive osteoclasts/-blasts in the PDL. At 5 days after luxation, PACAP-positive nerve fibers appeared in close proximity to PAC1-positive osteoclasts. At 7 days after luxation, PACAP-positive nerve fibers appeared in close proximity to PAC1-positive osteoblasts. These results suggest that PACAP may have effects on osteoclasts and osteoblasts in the PDL after tooth luxation and thus regulate bone remodeling after these types of injury.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a Grant for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan.

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All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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  1. Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan

    Sayako Nonaka, Hideki Kitaura, Keisuke Kimura, Masahiko Ishida & Teruko Takano-Yamamoto

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  1. Sayako Nonaka
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  2. Hideki Kitaura
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  3. Keisuke Kimura
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  4. Masahiko Ishida
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Correspondence to Teruko Takano-Yamamoto.

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Nonaka, S., Kitaura, H., Kimura, K. et al. Expression of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Peptide (PACAP) and PAC1 in the Periodontal Ligament After Tooth Luxation. Cell Mol Neurobiol 33, 885–892 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-013-9953-4

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