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Intake of vitamins A, C, and E and folate and the risk of ovarian cancer in a pooled analysis of 10 cohort studies

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Abstract

Purpose

Vitamins A, C, and E and folate have anticarcinogenic properties and thus might protect against cancer. Few known modifiable risk factors for ovarian cancer exist. We examined the associations between dietary and total (food and supplemental) vitamin intake and the risk of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer.

Methods

The primary data from 10 prospective cohort studies in North America and Europe were analyzed. Vitamin intakes were estimated from validated food frequency questionnaires in each study. Study-specific relative risks (RRs) were estimated using the Cox proportional hazards model and then combined using a random-effects model.

Results

Among 501,857 women, 1,973 cases of ovarian cancer occurred over a median follow-up period of 7–16 years across studies. Dietary and total intakes of each vitamin were not significantly associated with ovarian cancer risk. The pooled multivariate RRs [95 % confidence intervals (CIs)] for incremental increases in total intake of each vitamin were 1.02 (0.97–1.07) for vitamin A (increment: 1,300 mcg/day), 1.01 (0.99–1.04) for vitamin C (400 mg/day), 1.02 (0.97–1.06) for vitamin E (130 mg/day), and 1.01 (0.96–1.07) for folate (250 mcg/day). Multivitamin use (vs. nonuse) was not associated with ovarian cancer risk (pooled multivariate RR = 1.00, 95 % CI 0.89–1.12). Associations did not vary substantially by study, or by subgroups of the population. Greater vitamin intakes were associated with modestly higher risks of endometrioid tumors (n = 156 cases), but not with other histological types.

Conclusion

These results suggest that consumption of vitamins A, C, and E and folate during adulthood does not play a major role in ovarian cancer risk.

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Abbreviations

RR:

Relative risk

CI:

Confidence interval

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the participants and staff of each of the cohorts for their valuable contributions and the organizations that funded the infrastructure for each cohort study. The centralization, checking, harmonization, and statistical analyses of the participant-level data from each of the cohorts were funded by Grant P01 CA55075 from the US National Cancer Institute and Grant 20010 from the Fonds de recherche du Québec—Santé. Dr. Anita Koushik currently holds a New Investigator Award from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CRCHUM (Centre de recherche du CHUM) and Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, 850 Saint-Denis Street, 2nd Floor, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada

    Anita Koushik

  2. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA

    Molin Wang, A. Heather Eliassen, Shelley S. Tworoger & Stephanie A. Smith-Warner

  3. Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA

    Molin Wang

  4. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Molin Wang, A. Heather Eliassen & Shelley S. Tworoger

  5. Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Kristin E. Anderson

  6. Department of Epidemiology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands

    Piet van den Brandt & Leo J. Schouten

  7. Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA

    Tess V. Clendenen & Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte

  8. Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA

    Jo L. Freudenheim & James R. Marshall

  9. Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

    Jeanine M. Genkinger

  10. Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, National Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

    Niclas Håkansson & Alicja Wolk

  11. Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Marjorie L. McCullough & Ying Wang

  12. Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Anthony B. Miller

  13. Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA

    Kim Robien

  14. Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA

    Thomas E. Rohan

  15. Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Catherine Schairer

  16. Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA

    Stephanie A. Smith-Warner

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  1. Anita Koushik
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  2. Molin Wang
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  3. Kristin E. Anderson
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  17. Shelley S. Tworoger
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Correspondence to Anita Koushik.

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Koushik, A., Wang, M., Anderson, K.E. et al. Intake of vitamins A, C, and E and folate and the risk of ovarian cancer in a pooled analysis of 10 cohort studies. Cancer Causes Control 26, 1315–1327 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-015-0626-0

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