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Lifestyle factors and serum androgens among 636 middle aged men from seven countries in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)

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An Erratum to this article was published on 25 April 2009

Abstract

Objective

To evaluate the association between lifestyle and dietary factors and serum concentrations of androgens in middle-aged healthy men.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the association of lifestyle factors with circulating concentrations of androstenedione (A-dione), 3-α-androstanediol glucuronide (A-diol-g), testosterone (T), SHBG (sex hormone-binding globulin), and free testosterone (FT) among 636 men in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.

Results

Compared with the youngest age group (40–49 years), the oldest (70–79 years) had a higher mean concentration of SHBG (by 44%) and lower mean concentrations of A-diol-g (by 29%) FT (19%). Men in the highest BMI group (≥29.83 kg/m2) had a higher mean A-diol-g concentration (by 38%) and lower mean concentration of T (by 20%) SHBG (29%) compared with the lowest (<24.16 kg/m2). Current smokers had higher mean concentrations of T (by 13%), SHBG (14%), and A-dione (15%) compared with never smokers. Physical activity and dietary factors were not associated with androgen concentrations, although men in the highest fifth of alcohol intake had higher mean concentrations of A-dione (by 9%), FT (11%) compared with the lowest.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that age, body weight, smoking, and alcohol intake are associated with circulating androgen concentrations in men.

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Abbreviations

A-dione:

Androstenedione

A-diol-g:

3-α-androstanediol glucuronide

BMI:

Body mass index

CI:

Confidence interval

DHT:

Dihydrotestosterone

FT:

Calculated free testosterone

LH:

Luteinising hormone

SD:

Standard deviation

T:

Testosterone

SHBG:

Sex hormone-binding globulin

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Acknowledgment

We thank all the participants in EPIC for their invaluable contribution to the study, as well as Bertrand Hémon and colleagues at IARC for their expertise in data handling. We would also like to thank Dr. Shoichiro Tsugane, Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Japan.

Financial Support

This study was funded by research grants from Cancer Research UK; Europe Against Cancer Programme of the European Commission (SANCO); German Cancer Aid; German Cancer Research Center; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research; Danish Cancer Society; Health Research Fund (FIS) of the Spanish Ministry of Health; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; the participating regional governments and institutions of Spain; Medical Research Council, UK; the Stroke Association, UK; British Heart Foundation; Department of Health, UK; Food Standards Agency, UK; Greek Ministry of Education; Greek Ministry of Health and Social Solidarity; Hellenic Health Foundation; Stavros Niarchos Foundation, Greek; Italian Association for Research on Cancer; Italian National Research Council; Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports; Dutch Ministry of Health; Dutch Prevention Funds; LK Research Funds; Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland); World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

    Reiko Suzuki, Naomi E. Allen, Paul N. Appleby & Timothy J. Key

  2. Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, 104-0045, Tokyo, Japan

    Reiko Suzuki

  3. Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany

    Laure Dossus, Sabine Rohrmann, Jakob Linseisen & Rudolf Kaaks

  4. Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Anne Tjønneland & Nina Føns Johnsen

  5. Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

    Kim Overvad

  6. CPO-Piemonte and ISI Foundation, Torino, Italy

    Carlotta Sacerdote

  7. Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy

    Carlotta Sacerdote

  8. Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy

    Domenico Palli

  9. Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy

    Vittorio Krogh

  10. Cancer Registry, Azienda Ospedaliera ‘‘Civile M.P. Arezzo’’, Ragusa, Italy

    Rosario Tumino

  11. Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany

    Heiner Boeing

  12. Department of Urology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Heiner Boeing

  13. Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece

    Antonia Trichopoulou, Georgios Makrygiannis & Gesthimani Misirli

  14. National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands

    H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita & Anne M. May

  15. Epidemiology Department, Murcia Health Council, Murcia, Spain

    María José Tormo Díaz

  16. CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain

    María José Tormo Díaz, Maria-José Sánchez & Aurelio Barricarte Gurrea

  17. Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain

    Maria-José Sánchez

  18. Public Health Institute of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain

    Aurelio Barricarte Gurrea

  19. The Public Health Directorate, Asturias, Spain

    Laudina Rodríguez Suárez

  20. Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology, Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Barcelona, Spain

    Genevieve Buckland

  21. Epidemiology Unit, Basque Health Department in Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian, Spain

    Nerea Larrañaga

  22. Department of Public Health and Primary Care, MRC Centre for Nutritional Epidemiology in Cancer Prevention and Survival, Cambridge, UK

    Sheila Bingham

  23. Department of Gerontology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

    Kay-Tee Khaw

  24. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France

    Sabina Rinaldi, Nadia Slimani & Mazda Jenab

  25. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK

    Elio Riboli

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Correspondence to Reiko Suzuki.

Additional information

An erratum to this article is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10552-009-9349-4.

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Suzuki, R., Allen, N.E., Appleby, P.N. et al. Lifestyle factors and serum androgens among 636 middle aged men from seven countries in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Cancer Causes Control 20, 811–821 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-009-9326-y

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