Abstract
The proportion of business ethics literature devoted to accounting and the proportion of academic accounting literature devoted to ethical issues are both small, yet over the past two decades there has been a steady accumulation of research devoted to ethical issues in accounting. Based on a database of more than 500 articles gathered from a wide range of accounting and business ethics academic journals, this paper describes and analyses the characteristics of what has been published in the past 20 years or so. It identifies and explores patterns and trends in publication outlets and the type of research conducted. Furthermore, through a comparison with issues that have been raised in the general business ethics literature, it offers guidance to researchers who intend to take the field of accounting ethics forward using empirical methods.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
However, although it involves more than 1500 articles, Collins’ review is focused solely on the Journal of Business Ethics.
The bibliography has since been updated. It can be found at http://cae.uwaterloo.ca/citation.php.
With their original spelling.
This impression was borne out by a statistical check. An analysis of the specialisms of academic staff listed in the British Accounting Review Research Register found that 63 % gave Financial Accounting or Auditing, compared with 37 % for Management Accounting. These figures were then compared with the relevant percentages of published literature. A chi-squared test found that management accounting was significantly under-represented in the accounting ethics bibliography.
References
Armstrong, M. B. (1993). Ethics and professionalism in accounting education: A sample course. Journal of Accounting Education, 11(1), 77–92.
Arnold, D. F., & Ponemon, L. A. (1991). Internal auditors. Perceptions of whistleblowing and the influence of moral reasoning: An experiment. Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory, 10(2), 1–15.
Bampton, R., & Maclagan, P. (2005). Why teach ethics to accounting students: A reply to the sceptics. Business Ethics: A European Review, 14(3), 290–300.
Bay, D. (2002). A critical evaluation of the use of the DIT in accounting ethics research. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 13(2), 159–177.
Bernardi, R. A. (2005). Accounting scholars publishing in ethics journals: a 30-year longitudinal study. In C. Jeffrey (Ed.), Professional responsibility and ethics in accounting (Vol. 10, pp. 63–94). Oxford: Elsevier.
Bernardi, R. A., & Bean, D. F. (2007). The growth of accounting research in ethics journals: a 45-year study. In C. Jeffrey (Ed.), Research on professional responsibility and ethics in accounting (Vol. 11, pp. 47–61). Oxford: Elsevier.
Brigley, S. (1995). Business ethics research: A cultural perspective. Business Ethics: A European Review, 4(1), 17–23.
Bryman, A., & Bell, E. (2003). Business research methods. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Cohen, J. R. (1997). Flexible scheduling in public accounting. Journal of Accounting Education, 15(1), 145–158.
Cohen, J. R., Pant, L. W., & Sharp, D. J. (1998). The effect of gender and academic discipline diversity on the ethical evaluations, ethical intentions and ethical orientation of potential public accounting recruits. Accounting Horizons, 12(3), 250–270.
Collins, D. (2000). The quest to improve the human condition: The first 1500 articles published in Journal of Business Ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 26(1), 1–73.
Cowton, C. J. (1998). Research in real worlds: The empirical contribution to business ethics. In C. Cowton & R. Crisp (Eds.), Business ethics: Perspectives on the practice of theory (pp. 97–115). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Cowton, C. J. (2008). On setting the agenda for business ethics research. In C. Cowton & M. Haase (Eds.), Trends in business and economic ethics (pp. 11–30). Heidelberg: Springer.
Donaldson, T. (1994). When integration fails: The logic of prescription and description in business ethics. Business Ethics Quarterly, 4(2), 157–169.
Drury, C. (2004). Management and cost accounting (6th ed.). London: Thomson Learning.
Duncan, J. R., & Knoblett, J. A. (2000). Investigating antecedents of earnings management. In B. Schwartz (Ed.), Research on accounting ethics (Vol. 6, pp. 27–66). Stamford, CT: JAI Press.
Elias, R. Z. (2002). Determinants of earnings management ethics among accountants. Journal of Business Ethics, 40(1), 33–45.
Etherington, L. D., & Hill, N. T. (1998). Ethical development of CMAs: A focus on non-public accountants in the United States. In L. Ponemon (Ed.), Research on accounting ethics (Vol. 4, pp. 225–245). Stamford, CT: JAI Press.
Etherington, L. D., & Schulting, L. (1995). Ethical development of accountants: The case of canadian certified management accountants. In L. Ponemon (Ed.), Research on accounting ethics (Vol. 1, pp. 235–251). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Eynon, G., Hill, N. T., & Stevens, K. T. (1997). Factors that influence the moral reasoning abilities of accountants: Implications for universities and the profession. Journal of Business Ethics, 16(12/13), 1297–1309.
Eynon, G., Hill, N. T., Stevens, K. T., & Clarke, P. (1996). An international comparison of ethical reasoning abilities: Accounting students from Ireland and the United States. Journal of Accounting Education, 14(4), 477–492.
Falk, H., Lynn, B., Mestelman, S., & Shehata, M. (1999). Auditor independence, self-interested behaviour and ethics: Some experimental evidence. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 18(4/5), 395–428.
Fernandes, M. F., & Randall, D. M. (1992). The nature of the social desirability response effects in ethics research. Business Ethics Quarterly, 2(2), 183–205.
Fisher, C., & Lovell, A. (2000). Accountants’ responses to ethical issues at work. London: Chartered Institute of Management Accountants.
Fulmer, W. E., & Cargile, B. R. (1987). Ethical perceptions of accounting students: Does exposure to a code of professional ethics help? Issues in Accounting Education, 2(2), 207–219.
Gaa, J. C. (1995). Moral judgement and moral cognition: A comment. In L. Ponemon (Ed.), Research on accounting ethics (Vol. 1, pp. 253–265). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Geiger, M. A., & Connell, B. T. O. (1998/1999). Accounting student ethical perceptions: An analysis of training and gender effects. Teaching Business Ethics, 2(4), 371–388.
Gray, R. (2001). Thirty years of social accounting, reporting and auditing: What (if anything) have we learnt? Business Ethics: A European Review, 10(1), 9–15.
Gray, R., Kouhy, R., & Lavers, S. (1995). Corporate social and environmental accounting: A review of the literature and a longitudinal study of UK disclosure. Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, 8(2), 47–77.
Green, S., & Weber, J. (1997). Influencing ethical development: Exposing students to the AICPA code of conduct. Journal of Business Ethics, 16(8), 777–790.
Helliar, C. V., & Gray, R. H. (2000). British accounting review research register (9th ed.). London: Academic Press.
Hiltebeitel, K. M., & Jones, S. K. (1992). An assessment of ethics instruction in accounting education. Journal of Business Ethics, 11(1), 37–46.
Hosmer, L. T. (1996). 5 years, 20 issues, 141 articles, and what? Business Ethics Quarterly, 6(3), 325–358.
Jeffrey, C. (1993). Ethical development of accounting students, non-accounting business students, and liberal arts students. Issues in Accounting Education, 8(1), 86–96.
Kohlberg, L. (1981). Essays on moral development: vol. 1, the philosophy of moral development: Moral stages and the idea of justice. New York: Harper & Row.
Lampe, J. (1996). The impact of ethics education in accounting curricula. In L. A. Ponemon (Ed.), Research on accounting ethics (Vol. 2, pp. 187–220). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Lampe, J., & Finn, D. (1992). A model of auditors. Ethical decision processes. Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory, 11(1), 33–59.
Liedtka, J. M. (1992). Exploring ethical issues using personal interviews. Business Ethics Quarterly, 2(2), 161–181.
Loeb, S. E. (1971). A survey of ethical behaviour in the accounting profession. Journal of Accounting Research, 9(2), 287–306.
Loeb, S. E. (1991). The evaluation of ‘outcomes’ of accounting ethics education. Journal of Business Ethics, 10(2), 77–84.
Mangione, T. W. (1995). Mail surveys: Improving the quality. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
Mathews, M. R. (1997). Twenty-five years of social and environmental accounting research: Is there a silver jubilee to celebrate? Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, 10(4), 481–531.
McCarthy, I. N. (1997). Professional ethics code conflict situations: Ethical and value orientation of collegiate accounting students. Journal of Business Ethics, 16(12/13), 1467–1473.
Mitchell, A., Puxty, T., Sikka, P., & Willmott, H. (1994). Ethical statements as smokescreens for sectional interests: The case of the UK accountancy profession. Journal of Business Ethics, 13(1), 39–51.
Mitchell, A., Sikka, P., & Willmott, H. (1998). Sweeping it under the carpet: The role of accountancy firms in money laundering. Accounting, Organisations and Society, 23(5/6), 589–607.
Moriarty, S. (2000). Trends in ethical sanctions within the accounting profession. Accounting Horizons, 14(4), 427–439.
Ponemon, L. A. (1990). Ethical judgements in accounting: A cognitive-developmental perspective. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 1(2), 191–215.
Ponemon, L. A. (1992). Auditor under reporting of time and moral reasoning: An experimental-lab study. Contemporary Accounting Research, 9(1), 171–189.
Ponemon, L. A. (1993). Can ethics be taught in accounting? Journal of Accounting Education, 11(2), 185–209.
Ponemon, L. A., & Gabhart, D. R. L. (1993). Ethical reasoning in accounting and auditing. Vancouver: Canadian Certified General Accountants’ Research Foundation.
Power, M., & Laughlin, R. (1992). Critical theory and accounting. In N. Alveson & H. Willmott (Eds.), Critical management studies (pp. 113–135). London: SAGE.
Randall, D. M., & Fernandes, M. F. (1991). The social desirability response bias in ethics research. Journal of Business Ethics, 10(11), 805–817.
Randall, D. M., & Gibson, A. M. (1990). Methodology in business ethics research: A review and critical assessment. Journal of Business Ethics, 9(6), 457–471.
Rest, J. (1986). Moral development: Advances in research and theory. New York: Praeger.
Robertson, D. C. (1993). Empiricism in business ethics: Suggested research directions. Journal of Business Ethics, 12(8), 585–599.
Robson, C. (2002). Real world research (2nd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell.
Rogers, V., & Smith, A. (2001). Ethics, moral development, and accountants-in-training. Teaching Business Ethics, 5(1), 1–20.
Rosenthal, R., & Rosnow, R. L. (1975). The volunteer subject. Wiley, New York (re-issued by Oxford University Press, New York, 2009).
Sennetti, J. T., Shawver, T. J., & Bancroft, P. C. (2004). The moral and cultural reasoning of IPO accountants: A small sample study. In C. Jeffrey (Ed.), Research on professional responsibility and ethics in accounting (Vol. 9, pp. 101–128). Oxford: Elsevier.
Shaub, M. (1994). An analysis of the association of traditional demographic variables with the moral reasoning of auditing students and auditors. Journal of Accounting Education, 12(1), 1–26.
St. Pierre, K. E., Nelson, E. S., & Gabbin, A. L. (1990). A study of the ethical development of accounting majors in relation to other business and nonbusiness disciplines. Accounting Educators’ Journal, 3(1), 23–35.
Stanga, K. G., & Turpen, R. A. (1991). Ethical judgements on selected accounting issues: An empirical study. Journal of Business Ethics, 10(10), 739–747.
Sweeney, J. T., & Fisher, D. G. (1999). Politics, faking, and self-presentation: How valid is the P score of the defining issues test? In L. Ponemon (Ed.), Research on accounting ethics (Vol. 5, pp. 51–76). Stamford, CT: JAI Press.
Sweeney, J. T., & Roberts, R. W. (1997). Cognitive moral development and auditor independence. Accounting, Organisations and Society, 22(3/4), 337–352.
Uysal, Ö. Ö. (2010). Business ethics research with an accounting focus: A bibliometric analysis from 1988 to 2007. Journal of Business Ethics, 93(1), 137–160.
Weaver, G. R., & Trevino, L. K. (1994). Normative and empirical business ethics: Separation, marriage of convenience or marriage of necessity? Business Ethics Quarterly, 4(2), 129–143.
Weber, J. (1992). Scenarios in business ethics research. Business Ethics Quarterly, 2(2), 137–160.
Werhane, P. H., & Freeman, R. E. (1999). Business ethics: The state of the art. International Journal of Management Review, 1(1), 1–16.
Windsor, C. A., & Ashkanasy, N. M. (1995). The effect of client management bargaining power, moral reasoning development, and belief in a just world on auditor independence. Accounting, Organisations and Society, 20(7/8), 701–720.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bampton, R., Cowton, C.J. Taking Stock of Accounting Ethics Scholarship: A Review of the Journal Literature. J Bus Ethics 114, 549–563 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1341-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1341-3