Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Male secretory breast cancer: case in a 6-year-old boy with a peculiar gene duplication and review of the literature

  • Review
  • Published:
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

Secretory breast cancer (SBC) is one of the rarest breast cancer (BC), representing the majority of BC in childhood. Nevertheless, it elicits a lot of interest both for the peculiar morphology and the characteristic genetic features. Currently, there is no consensus on optimal treatment strategy. Therefore, it is useful to report every case in order to establish treatment algorithms.

Methods

We describe the case of a 6-year-old boy diagnosed with a SBC, with peculiar genomic and immunohistochemical features. Moreover, we carried out a review of the literature in order to analyze the present state of knowledge about this rare entity.

Results

To the best of our knowledge, there are only 120 cases published in literature, only 32 in males and only 2 younger than 6 years. Furthermore, this one had peculiar genomic and immunohistochemical features. Indeed, even if SBC expresses basal-cell markers, our patient had a triple-negative tumor expressing both basal and luminal cell markers. Furthermore, the boy’s genomic profile revealed not only positivity for the typical SBC’s translocation t(12;15), but also for a 3q28 duplication, found in his father (healthy) and paternal grandfather (with a previous BC). None were positive for BRCA mutation. This locus includes only one gene encoding for a growth factor recently linked to Early Infantile Epileptic Encephalopathy-47 and Idiopathic ventricular tachycardia. Even if the literature does not provide evidence of a pathogenic role it is not possible to exclude a cancer-predisposing activity.

Conclusions

SBC is a rare type of BC, characterized by triple-negative features with an unexpectedly good prognosis. More data are needed to fully understand the behavior of this cancer and genomic profiling could be helpful in improving its diagnosis and management.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

SBC:

Secretory breast cancer

BC:

Breast cancer

WHO:

World Health Organization

Ras–Mek1:

Ras–mitogen-activated protein kinase

PI3K–Akt:

Phosphatidyl inositol-3 kinase

ER:

Estrogen receptor

PgR:

Progesteron receptor

EGFR:

Epidermal growth factor receptor

IDC:

Invasive ductal carcinoma

PAS:

Periodic acid Schiff

EMA:

Epithelial membrane antigen

MDM:

Multidisciplinary meeting

SLNB:

Sentinel lymph node biopsy

RT:

Radiotherapy

HBOC:

Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer

FGF:

Fibroblast growth factor

FA:

Fibroadenoma

SEER:

Survival, epidemiology, and end result

NCDB:

National Cancer Data Base

DFS:

Disease-free survival

DCIS:

Ductal carcinoma in situ

NST:

Non-special type

References

  1. Sharma V, Anuragi G, Singh S et al (2015) Secretory carcinoma of the breast: report of two cases and review of the literature. Case Rep Oncol Med. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/581892

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Lamovec J, Bracko M (1994) Secretory carcinoma of the breast: light microscopical, immunohistochemical and flow cytometric study. Mod Pathol 7(4):475–479

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Li D, Xiao X, Yang W et al (2012) Secretory breast carcinoma: a clinicopathological and immunophenotypic study of 15 cases with a review of the literature. Mod Pathol 25(4):567–575

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Cadoo KA, McArdle O, O’Shea AM et al (2012) Management of unusual histologial types of breast cancer. Oncologist 17:1135–1145

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Laè M, Freneaux P, Sastre-Garau X et al (2009) Secretory breast carcinoma with ETV6–NTRK3 fusion gene belong to the basal like carcinoma spectrum. Mod Pathol 22(2):291–298

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. McDivitt RW, Stewart FW (1966) Breast carcinoma in children. J Am Med Assoc 195:388–390

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Tavassoli FA, Norris HJ (1980) Secretory carcinoma of the breast. Cancer 45:2404–2413

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Horowitz DP, Sharma AS, Connolly E et al (2012) Secretory carcinoma of the breast: results from the survival, epidemiology and end results database. Breast 21:350–353

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Jacob JD, Hodge C, Franko J et al (2016) Rare breast cancer: 246 invasive secretory carcinomas from the National Cancer Data Base. J Surg Oncol 113(7):721–725

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Szanto J, Andras C, Tsakiris J et al (2004) Secretory breast cancer in a 7.5-year old boy. Breast 13:439–442

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Lombardi A, Maggi S, Bersigotti L et al (2013) Secretory breast cancer. Case report. G Chir 34(4):125–127

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Vasudev P, Onuma K (2011) Secretory breast carcinoma: unique, triple-negative carcinoma with a favorable prognosis and characteristic molecular expression. Arch Pathol Lab Med 135(12):1606–1610. https://doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2010-0351-RS

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Toll A, Joneja U, Palazzo J (2016) Pathologic spectrum of secretory and mucinous breast lesions. Arch Pathol Lab Med 140(7):644–650. https://doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2015-0250-RA

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Roychowdhury M (2018) Secretory carcinoma. PathologyOutlines.com website. http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/breastmalignantjuvenile.html. Accessed 14 Mar 2018

  15. Aktepe F, Sarvenov D, Ozmen V (2016) Secretory carcinoma of the breast. J Breast Health 12:174–176

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. de Bree E, Askoxylakis J, Giannikaki E et al (2002) Secretory carcinoma of the male breast. Ann Surg Oncol 9(7):663–667

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Grabellus F, Worm K, Willruth A et al (2005) ETV6–NTRK3 gene fusion in a secretory carcinoma of the breast of a male-to-female transsexual. Breast 14(1):71–74

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Yorozuya K, Takahashi E, Kousaka J et al (2012) A case of estrogen receptor positive secretory carcinoma in a 9-year-old girl with ETV6–NTRK3 fusion gene. Jpn J Clin Oncol 42(3):208–211

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Zhou X (2013) Secretory breast carcinoma in a 10 years old boy. Global J Breast Cancer Res 1:24–27

    Google Scholar 

  20. Krings G, Joseph NM, Bean GR et al (2017) Genomic profiling of breast secretory carcinoma reveals distinct genetics from other breast cancers and similarity to mammary analog secretory carcinomas. Mod Pathol 30:1086–1099

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Arce C, Cortes-Padilla D, Huntsman DG et al (2005) Secretory carcinoma of the breast containing the ETV6–NTRK3 fusion gene in a male: case report and review of the literature. World J Surg Oncol 3:35

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Tognon C, Knezevich SR, Huntsman D et al (2002) Expression of the ETV6–NTRK3 gene fusion as a primary event in human secretory breast carcinoma. Cancer Cell 2(5):367–376. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1535-6108(02)00180-0

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Makretsov N, He M, Hayes M et al (2004) A fluorescence in situ hybridization study of ETV6–NTRK3 fusion gene in secretory breast carcinoma. Genes Chromosom Cancer 40:152–157

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Bishop JA, Taube JM, Su A et al (2017) Secretory carcinoma of the skin harboring ETV6 gene fusions: a cutaneous analogue to secretory carcinomas of the breast and salivary glands. Am J Surg Pathol 41(1):62–66

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Del Castillo M, Chibon F, Arnould L et al (2015) Secretory breast carcinoma: a histopathologic and genomic spectrum characterized by a joint specific ETV–NTRK3 gene fusion. Am J Surg Pathol 39(11):1458–1467

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Euhus DM, Timmons CF, Tomlinson GE (2002) ETV6–NTRK3: Trk-ing the primary event in human secretory breast cancer. Cancer Cell 2:347–348

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Lannon CL (2005) Sorensen PH.ETV6–NTRK3: a chimeric protein tyrosine Kinase with transformation activity in multiple cell lineages. Semin Cancer Biol 15(3):215–223

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Soyer T, Yaman Bajin I, Orhan D et al (2015) Secretory breast carcinoma in a 6-year-old girl: mastectomy with sentinel lymph node dissection. Pediatr Surg Int 31:677–681

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Ding J, Jiang L, Gan Y et al (2015) A rare case of secretory breast carcinoma in a male adult with axillary lymph node metastasis. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 8(3):3322–3327

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Li G, Zhong X, Yao J et al (2015) Secretory breast carcinoma in a 41-year-old man with long-term follow-up: a special report. Fut Oncol 11(12):1767–1773

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Simpson JS, Barson AJ (1969) Breast tumours in infants and children: a 40-year review of cases at a children’s hospital. Can Med Assoc J 101:100–102

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Karl SR, Ballantine TV, Zairo R (1985) Juvenile secretory carcinoma of the breast. J Pediatr Surg 20:368–371

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Vieni S, Cabibi D, Cipolla C et al (2006) Secretory breast carcinoma with metastatic sentinel lymph node. World J Surg Oncol 4:88. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7819-4-88

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. Lian J, Wang XJ, Xu EW et al (2017) Secretory breast carcinoma with liver metastasis: report of a case. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 46(2):124–125

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Yaqoob N, Kayani N, ul Hasan SH (2006) Painless breast lump in an elderly woman. Secretory breast carcinoma in an elderly woman. Arch Pathol Lab Med 130:1073–1074

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Noh WC, Paik NS, Cho KJ et al (2005) Breast mass in a 3-year-old girl: differentiation of secretory carcinoma versus abnormal thelarche by fine needle aspiration biopsy. Surgery 137(1):109–110

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Izumi J, Komaki K, Hirokawa M et al (2003) Secretory carcinoma of the breast with a cystically dilated intraductal component: report of a case. Surg Today 33:110–113

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Kulkarni MM, Khandeparkar SG, Joshi AR et al (2016) A rare case of multicentric secretory carcinoma of the breast in an adult female with review of literature. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 59:209–211

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Beatty SM, Orel SG, Kim P et al (1998) Multicentric secretory carcinoma of the breast in a 35-year-old woman: mammographic appearance and the use of core biopsy in preoperative management. Breast J 4(3):200–203

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Wang YQ, Wang Y, Zhang JH et al (2014) Secretory breast carcinoma in a 12-year-old girl: a case report. Oncol Lett 8:1635–1637

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  41. Paeng MH, Choi HY, Sung SH et al (2003) Secretory carcinoma of the breast. J Clin Ultrasound 31:425–429

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Mun SH, Ko EY, Han BK et al (2008) Secretory carcinoma of the breast: sonographic features. J Ultrasound Med 27:947–954

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Murphy JJ, Morzaria S, Gow KW et al (2000) Breast cancer in a 6 years old child. J Pediatr Surg 35:765–767

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Oberman HA (1980) Secretory carcinoma of the breast in adults. Am J Surg Pathol 4:465–470

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Longo OA, Mosto A, Moran JC et al (1999) Breast carcinoma in childhood and adolescence: case report and review of the literature. Breast J 5:65–69

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Osako T, Takeuchi K, Horii R et al (2013) Secretory carcinoma of the breast and its histopathological mimics: value of markers for differential diagnosis. Histopathology 63:509–519

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Costa NM, Rodrigues H, Pereira H et al (2004) Secretory breast carcinoma-case report and review of the medical literature. Breast 13:353–355

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Din NU, Idrees R, Fatima S et al (2013) Secretory carcinoma of the breast: clinicopathologic study of 8 cases. Ann Diagn Pathol 17:54–57

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Shui R, Cheng Y, Bai Q et al (2017) Secretory breast carcinoma with a papillary-predominant pattern: an unusual morphological variant. Histopathology 71(3):488–493

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Skalovà A, Vanecek T, Sima R et al (2010) Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma of salivary glands, containing the ETV6–NTRK3 fusion gene: a hitherto undescribed salivary gland tumor entity. Am J Surg Pathol 34:599–608

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Urano M, Nagao T, Miyabe S et al (2015) Characterization of mammary analogue secretory carcinoma of the salivary gland: discrimination from its mimic by the presence of the ETV6–NTRK3 translocation and novel surrogate markers. Hum Pathol 46:94–103

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Connor A, Perez-Ordonez B, Shago M et al (2012) Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma of salivary gland origin with the ETV6 gene rearrangement by FISH: expanded morphologic and immunohistochemical spectrum of a recently described entity. Am J Surg Pathol 36:27–34

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Skalovà A (2013) Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma of salivary gland origin: an update and expanded morphologic and immunohistochemical spectrum of recently described entity. Head Neck Pathol 7(Suppl 1):S30–S36

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Laajili H, Salem AB, Zaidi S et al (2017) Secretory breast carcinoma, a case report and literature review. Open Access Libr J. https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1103591

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Cabello C, Alvarenga M, Alvarenga CA et al (2012) Case report and review of the literature: secretory breast cancer in a 13-year-old boy-10 years of follow-up. Breast Cancer Res Treat 133:813–820

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Lee SG, Jung SP, Lee HY et al (2014) Secretory breast carcinoma: a report of three cases and a review of the literature. Oncol Lett 8:683–686

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  57. Li Q, Zhao Y, Wu G et al (2017) De Novo FGF12 (fibroblast Growth factor 12) functional variation is potentially associated with idiopathic ventricular tachycardia. J Am Heart Assoc. https://doi.org/10.1161/jaha.117.006130

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  58. Strauss BL, Bratthauer GL, Tavassoli FA (2006) STAT 5a expression in the breast is maintained in secretory carcinoma, in contrast to other histologic types. Hum Pathol 37(5):586–592

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Siekierska A, Isrie M, Liu Y et al (2016) Gain-of-function FHF1 mutation causes early-onset epileptic encephalopathy with cerebellar atrophy. Neurology 86(23):2162–2170

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Krausz T, Jenkins D, Grontoft O et al (1989) Secretory carcinoma of the breast in adults: emphasis on late recurrence and metastasis. Histopathology 14:25–36

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Roth JA, Discafani C, O’Malley M (1988) Secretory breast carcinoma in a man. Am J Surg Pathol 12:150–154

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Serour F, Gilad A, Kopolovic J et al (1992) Secretory breast cancer in childhood and adolescence: report of a case and review of the literature. Med Pediatr Oncol 20:341–344

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Kasami M, Johnson JE, Reynolds VH et al (1997) Segmental resection of secretory carcinoma of the breast in a young woman: 14-year follow-up. Breast 6:383–385

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Fathi M, Joudi M, Rajabnejad Y et al (2013) Case report: secretory breast cancer in an 11-year-old girl. J Pediatr Surg Case Rep 1:357–358

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Chowdhury AR, Hossen M, Hussain QM et al (2017) Rare variety of breast cancer in a young girl: a case report. J Case Rep Images Oncol 3:25–28

    Google Scholar 

  66. Montalvo N, Posso V, Redroban L (2016) Secretory carcinoma in a 79-year-old woman: an exceptionally rare type of breast carcinoma. Rare Tumors 8(4):188–190. https://doi.org/10.4081/rt.2016.6650

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Li N, Huang M, Yang Y et al (2017) Secretory breast cancer in a 7-year-old girl. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 10(5):6006–6010

    Google Scholar 

  68. Pohar-Marinsek Z, Golouh R (1994) Secretory breast carcinoma in a man diagnosed by fine needle aspiration biopsy. A case report. Acta Cytol 38:446–450

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Kuwabara H, Yamane M, Okada S (1998) Secretory breast carcinoma in a 66 year old man. J Clin Pathol 51:545–547

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Vesoulis Z, Kashkari S (1998) Fine needle aspiration of secretory breast carcinoma resembling lactational changes. A case report. Acta Cytol 42(4):1032–1036

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Kameyama K, Mukai M, Iri H et al (1998) Secretory carcinoma of the breast in a 51-year old male. Pathol Int 48:994–997

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Chevallier A, Boissy C, Rampal A et al (1999) Secretory carcinoma of the breast. Report of a case in a 9-year old boy. Clin Exp Pathol 47:88–91

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Yildrim E, Turhan N, Pak I et al (1999) Secretory breast carcinoma in a boy. Eur J Surg Oncol 25(1):98–99

    Google Scholar 

  74. Bhagwandeen BS, Fenton L (1999) Secretory carcinoma of the breast in a nine year old boy. Pathology 31:166–168

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Titus J, Sillar RW, Fenton LE (2000) Secretory breast carcinoma in a 9-year-old boy. Aust N Z J Surg 70:144–146

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Diallo R, Tognon C, Knezevich SR et al (2003) Secretory carcinoma of the breast: a genetically defined carcinoma entity. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 87:193–203

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Woto-Gaye G, Kasse AA, Dieye Y et al (2004) Secretory breast carcinoma in a man. A case report with rapid evolution unfavorable. Ann Pathol 24:432–435

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Kavalakat AJ, Covilakam RK, Culas TB (2004) Secretory carcinoma of the breast in a 17-year-old male. World J Surg Oncol 2:17

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  79. Niveditha SR, Bajaj P, Nangia A (2004) Secretory carcinoma of the male breast. J Clin Pathol 57:894

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Alenda C, Aranda FI, Segui FJ et al (2005) Secretory carcinoma of the male breast: correlation of aspiration cytology and pathology. Diagn Cytopathol 32:47–50

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Iglesias B, Monteagudo B, Rouco JS et al (2009) Secretory breast carcinoma in a 63-year-old man. J Cutan Pathol 36(Suppl 1):86–88

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Gabal S, Talaat S (2011) Secretory carcinoma of male breast: case report and review of the literature. Int J Breast Cancer. https://doi.org/10.4061/2011/704657

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Breast Surgery, Breast Cancer Center, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy

    M. Ghilli, M. D. Mariniello, L. Colizzi & A. Quattrini Li

  2. Pathology, Breast Cancer Center, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy

    C. Scatena

  3. Medical Genetics, University Hospital AOU Meyer, Florence, Italy

    l. Dosa & G. Traficante

  4. Pathology, University Hospital AOU Meyer, Florence, Italy

    C. Caporalini & A. M. Buccoliero

  5. Department of Ematology and Oncology, University Hospital AOU Meyer, Florence, Italy

    A. Tamburini & C. Favre

  6. Plastic Surgery, University Hospital AOU Meyer, Florence, Italy

    F. Facchini

  7. Oncology, Breast Cancer Center, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy

    E. Landucci

  8. Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy

    G. Manca

  9. Pathology Unit, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy

    A. G. Naccarato

  10. Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy

    D. Caramella

  11. Breast Cancer Center, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy

    M. Roncella

Authors
  1. M. Ghilli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. D. Mariniello
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. C. Scatena
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. l. Dosa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. G. Traficante
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. A. Tamburini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. C. Caporalini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. A. M. Buccoliero
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. F. Facchini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. L. Colizzi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. A. Quattrini Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. E. Landucci
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  13. G. Manca
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  14. A. G. Naccarato
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  15. D. Caramella
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  16. C. Favre
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  17. M. Roncella
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. Ghilli.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from the parents of the boy whose case is reported in this article.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ghilli, M., Mariniello, M.D., Scatena, C. et al. Male secretory breast cancer: case in a 6-year-old boy with a peculiar gene duplication and review of the literature. Breast Cancer Res Treat 170, 445–454 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-018-4772-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-018-4772-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation